Microstructures and intrinsic lubricity of in situ Ti3SiC2–TiSi2–TiC MAX phase composite fabricated by reactive spark plasma sintering (SPS)

Magnus, Carl; Cooper, D. I.; Ma, Le; Rainforth, W.M.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2019.203169

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…As a metalloceramic material, MAX phase has both metallic properties (having high stiffness, machinability, electrical, and thermal conductivities) and ceramic properties (with high thermal stability and oxidation resistance); [4,114,[120][121][122][123][124] these materials can be used as reinforcing agents to improve bulk and surface properties. [120,125] Using MAX Ti 3 AlC 2 , for example, the wear resistance increases, the friction coefficient decreases and that the microhardness improves up to 39.24 HV, attaining a 75.4% improvement.…”

Section: Max-based Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Figure 8, the best overall mechanical properties were observed when 20 wt% SnO 2 was used in the fabrication process; the improvements were attributed to the in situ formation of Al 2 O 3 and solid solution strengthening effects; furthermore, the SEM images revealed a creation of tribofilm attributed mostly to the tribo-oxidation reaction. [139] Using Ti, Si, and graphite powder as starting materials, Magnus et al [121] deployed a reactive spark plasma sintering approach to fabricate in situ Ti 3 SiC 2 -TiSi 2 -TiC MAX phase nanocomposite (with 80 wt% Ti 3 SiC 2 , 14 wt% TiC, and 6.0 wt% TiSi 2 ) where they focused on the poor oxidation behavior, wear resistance, grain fracture, and the pull-outs of monolithic Ti 3 SiC 2 when the intergranular TiC phase acts as reinforcement; the measured hardness value of the composite sample was ≈7.8 GPa while the theoretical value reported for monolithic Ti 3 SiC 2 is ≈4 GPa, [140] attaining 95% improvement; the main reason of tribological improvement is that the TiC phase might shield Ti 3 SiC 2 and acts as a load bearing part during wear and as a reinforcing agent at the TiC-Ti 3 SiC 2 interface. Intrinsic solid lubrication behavior of the fabricated composites was confirmed for shearing graphitic carbon as well as the frictional Figure 7.…”

Section: (10 Of 20)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanotribological Aspects of MXene‐Reinforced Nanocomposites

2020

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MXenes are recently discovered 2D nanomaterial with superior mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties, being commonly employed in a wide variety of critical research areas, ranging from cancer therapy to energy and environmental applications. Due to their special properties, such as mechanoceramic nature with excellent mechanical performance, thermal stability and rich surface properties, MXenes have tremendous potential as advanced composite structures, especially those based on polymers due to a great affinity between macromolecules and the terminating groups of 2D MXenes. MXenes have been extensively explored in metal matrix nanocomposites as well as in solid‐ or liquid‐based lubrication systems owing to the 2D structure and antifriction characteristics. The purpose of the this paper is to provide a comprehensive insight into the material, mechanical, and tribological properties of the MXene nanolayers with discussions on the recent advancements attained from MXene‐reinforced nanocomposites starting with the synthesis, fabrication techniques, intricacies of the underlying physics and mechanisms, and finally focusing on the progress in computational studies. This analysis of MXene‐based composites will stimulate an emerging field with innumerable opportunities and ample potentials to produce newfangled materials and structures with targeted properties.

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Section: Max-based Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (10 Of 20)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanotribological Aspects of MXene‐Reinforced Nanocomposites

2020

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Section: Applications Of Max Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 149 ] Thus, Ti 2 AlC coating shows great potential to be used as high‐temperature tribological coating. Magnus et al [ 150 ] reported the evidence of the intrinsic lubricity of Ti 3 SiC 2 –TiSi 2 –TiC composite and proposed the wear mechanisms of the composite. As shown in Figure 18c, many chemical and physical reactions occurred during wearing, including the formation of graphitization, spallation of tribofilm, grain pull‐out and fracture, regraphitization, etc.…”

Section: Applications Of Max Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Xia

2021

Adv Eng Mater

107

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Ceramics is one of the oldest materials prepared and used by human beings. Ancient ancestors started to make pottery by forming and burning clay since the earliest civilizations. Ancient people started to fabricate burnt claywares since %6500 B.C., and clayware as a commercial product was available by %4000 B.C. [1] In modern society, as one of the largest branches in material family, ceramics have been developed and used in almost every fields of human beings' lives. In some senses, ceramics and metals possess complementary properties; generally, ceramics show the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high chemical stability, high wear resistance, whereas ceramics typically show intrinsic brittleness and poor plasticity due to their covalent and/or ionic chemical bonding; metals have good plasticity, high toughness, and high thermal and electronic conductivity; however, they typically show lower chemical stability and lower hardness than ceramics. It would be marvelous for a material to combine the properties of ceramics and metals. MAX phases are the materials that meet the challenge.MAX phases are a family of nanolaminate ternary nitrides and carbides, which were first discovered by Nowotny and his colleagues in Vienna. [2] In the beginning, MAX phases have a general formula of M nþ1 AX n (n ¼ 1-3), where M is a transition metal, A is an element from group A, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The n value could be 1, 2, or 3, and the phases are named as 211, 312, and 413 MAX phases, respectively. These MAX phases show a hexagonal crystal structure (P63/mmc), consisting of M 6 X octahedra separated by A atomic layers. [3] M─X bonds in M 6 X octahedra are strong covalent bonds, whereas the M─A bonds between M 6 X and A atomic layer are much weaker, especially in shear. This unique bonding structure is analogous to graphite, and it is the special bonding structure that endows MAX phases properties of both ceramics and metals. On the one hand, MAX phases are stiff, lightweight, chemically stable, and oxidation resistant, which are the features of ceramics; on the other hand, they exhibit good electric and thermal conductivity as well as excellent machinability and damage tolerance, which are the features of metals.Unfortunately, MAX phases had not attracted enough attention in both academia and industry until 1996 when Barsoum et al. [4] synthesized and characterized Ti 3 SiC 2 . Ever since then, material researchers become more interested in this material. [5] In the past two decades, many MAX phases have been synthesized and tested to show highly unusual properties, [6] which will be discussed with detail in the following sections. The intensive extent of the researches on MAX phases can be demonstrated by the published papers (Figure 1). A remarkable jump can be observed between 1998 and 1999, and after that, the number of published papers increases steadily, reaching as high as 980 papers in 2019 (Figure 1a). From another aspect, the citation of the milestone paper published by Barsoum [4] also signific...

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MAB‐Phases and Beyond—A Tribological Success Story?

Rosenkranz

Zambrano

Przyborowski³

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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Early transition metal borides (MAB‐phases) are extensively investigated due to their excellent mechanical and tribological properties. These characteristics of ternary transition metal borides have created a promising pathway to achieve strong materials with unique properties. These layered materials combine both metallic and ceramic attributes and possess intriguing properties such as excellent mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability. Most of the MAB‐phases were discovered before the 1990s, but recent discoveries of their derivatives, such as i‐MAB phases, and MBenes, have boosted their “renaissance.” Altogether, this perspective summarizes the existing state‐of‐the‐art regarding the tribological performance of the most promising MAB‐phases and further discusses their success story in potential applications. Since the story of their derivative phases regarding mechanical/tribological applications has just begun, going beyond MAB‐phases is highly promising to explore novel high‐strength materials.

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Microstructures and intrinsic lubricity of in situ Ti3SiC2–TiSi2–TiC MAX phase composite fabricated by reactive spark plasma sintering (SPS)

Abstract: and intrinsic lubricity of in situ Ti 3 SiC 2 -TiSi 2 -TiC MAX phase composite fabricated by reactive spark plasma sintering (SPS),

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Mechanotribological Aspects of MXene‐Reinforced Nanocomposites

Mechanotribological Aspects of MXene‐Reinforced Nanocomposites

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

MAB‐Phases and Beyond—A Tribological Success Story?

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