Microstructures and properties of low-alloy fire resistant steel

Panigrahi, B. K.

doi:10.1007/bf02709357

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…No ductile–brittle transition occurred in the GFRP materials at low temperatures, contrary to the steel, which could present a ductile–brittle transition between −20 and −30℃. 37 It is also worth mentioning that no chemical deposits were observed on the surface of the conditioned glass/epoxy and glass/vinyl-ester FRP bars before tensile testing for residual properties, while the conditioned glass/polyester FRP had a slight chemical degradation on the bar surface before the tensile testing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Statistical analysis and theoretical predictions of the tensile-strength retention of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars based on resin type

Ali

Benmokrane

Mohamed

et al. 2018

Journal of Composite Materials

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This paper presents experimental investigation, statistical analysis, and theoretical predictions of tensile-strength retention of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars, made with vinyl-ester, polyester, or epoxy resins. The durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars was evaluated as a function of time of immersion in alkaline solution. The aging of the three glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar types consisted of immersion glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar samples in an alkaline solution (up to 5000 h) at different elevated exposure temperatures. Subsequently, the physical and tensile properties of the unconditioned bars were compared with that of the conditioned bars to assess the durability performance of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars. Microstructure of all of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bar types was investigated with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for both the conditioned and unconditioned cases, to qualitatively explain the experimental results and to assess changes and/or degradation in the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars. In addition, the long-term performance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars was assessed considering the effect of service years, environmental humidity, and seasonal temperature fluctuations. The test results showed that the tensile strength of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars was affected by increased immersion time at higher temperatures and the reduction in tensile strength was statistically significantly dependent on the type of resin system. The prediction approach of the glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars based on the environmental reduction factor (CE) after 200 years indicated that the CE values for vinyl-ester, epoxy, and polyester glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars can be conservatively recommended to 0.81, 0.75, and 0.71, respectively, for a moisture-saturated environment (relative humidity = 100%) and at 30℃. The polyester glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars experienced greater debonding at the fiber–resin interface than the vinyl-ester and epoxy glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Statistical analysis and theoretical predictions of the tensile-strength retention of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars based on resin type

Ali

Benmokrane

Mohamed

et al. 2018

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…Shortly afterwards in 2006, the article Microstructures and properties of low-alloy fire resistant steel [6], by Panigrahi, was published, an article that attempted to link the influence of the chemical composition of these steels and their manufacturing process to their mechanical properties at ambient and high temperatures.…”

Section: Fr Steels and Manufacturing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of historical developments in the use of fire resistant steels

García

Biezma

Cuadrado

et al. 2013

Materials at High Temperatures

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This paper presents a review of the most relevant articles on fire-resistant (FR) steels, as part of a research project at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) on the FR properties of steelstructures. An important characteristic of FR steels is that they maintain their mechanical properties at high temperatures better than the more widely used structural steels, mainly due to their special chemical composition and the thermal treatment used in their manufacture. The available information on FR steel tests has been analysed. All the data allow us to study the evolution of mechanical properties at different temperatures. We have, in particular, conducted a comparative evolution of the yield stress (YE) and the yield stress ratio (Ra) at different temperatures. A summary is also presented of the most important elements in their composition and the different manufacturing treatments of these steels and their influence on the initial YE and RA at different temperatures. For example, molybdenum and niobium improve the YE considerably at elevated temperatures. The alloy Cr-Mo-V-Nb is considered effective in FR steels and the use of boron is recommended, if an FR steelstructure is required to withstand temperatures higher than 700ºC and to decrease the percentage of carbon.In view of the temperatures associated with manufacturing treatments, it should be recalled that although accelerated cooling, such as quenching, increases YE at room temperature and at high temperatures, it reduces the Ra of these steels. The most effective thermal treatment is air cooling, although special attention should be paid to the influence of slab reheating and the finish rolling temperature.

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“…As for elevated temperature, steel is a conductor material that offered poor fire resistance because of its high thermal conductivity characteristic that can spread heat faster compared to concrete with low thermal conductivity and good insulating material (Espinos et al, 2015b;Han et al, 2014). When subjected to 500°C, the yield stress of steel will reduce to half of the strength at ambient temperature, and at a temperature of 600°C, steel has lost most of the strength and stiffness (Zhou and Han, 2018;Romero et al, 2017;Han et al, 2017;Mccann et al, 2015), because lowering dislocation density on soaking of steel increases the rate of conduction in steel column (Panigrahi, 2006). Improvement on the performances of square hollow steel column is needed to overcome the properties problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on utilization of different concretes as in-filled steel hollow column subjected to fire loading

Zuhan

Kadir

Mastor

et al. 2021

JSFE

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Purpose Concrete-filled steel hollow (CFHS) column is an innovation to improve the performance of concrete or steel column. It is believed to have high compressive strength, good plasticity and is excellent for seismic and fire performance as compared to hollow steel column without a filler. Design/methodology/approach Experimental and numerical investigation has been carried out to study the performance of CFHS having different concrete in-fill and shape of steel tube. Findings In this paper, an extensive review of experiment performed on CFHS columns at elevated temperature is presented in different types of concrete as filling material. There are three different types of concrete filling used by the researchers, such as normal concrete (NC), reinforced concrete and pozzolanic-fly ash concrete (FC). A number of studies have conducted experimental investigation on the performance of NC casted using recycled aggregate at elevated temperature. The research gap and the recommendations are also proposed. This review will provide basic information on an innovation on steel column by application of in-filled materials. Research limitations/implications Design guideline is not considered in this paper. Practical implications Fire resistance is an important issue in the structural fire design. This can be a guideline to define the performance of the CFHS with different type of concrete filler at various exposures. Social implications Utilization of waste fly ash reduces usage of conventional cement (ordinary Portland cement) in concrete production and enhances its performance at elevated temperature. The new innovation in CFHS columns with FC can reduce the cost of concrete production and at the same time mitigate the environmental issue caused by waste material by minimizing the disposal area. Originality/value Review on the different types of concrete filler in the CFHS column. The research gap and the recommendations are also proposed.

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Microstructures and properties of low-alloy fire resistant steel

Cited by 27 publications

References 9 publications

Statistical analysis and theoretical predictions of the tensile-strength retention of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars based on resin type

Statistical analysis and theoretical predictions of the tensile-strength retention of glass fiber-reinforced polymer bars based on resin type

Study of historical developments in the use of fire resistant steels

A review on utilization of different concretes as in-filled steel hollow column subjected to fire loading

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