Microtox® testing of pentachlorophenol in soil extracts and quantification by capillary electrochromatography (CEC) – A rapid screening approach for contaminated land

Cassells, N.P; Lane, Chad S.; Depala, M; Saeed, Mansoor; Craston, Derek H.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00322-7

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Unfortunately, previous assays that used test microorganisms were often based on exposure to soil extracts in water or organic solvent (12,20,32,42,43), thereby ignoring interactions of the test organisms with adsorptive soil pollutants. Furthermore, microbial toxicity testing in soil has also too often been based on irrelevant microorganisms (e.g., Microtox) or experimental conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Phase Contact Assay That Uses alux-MarkedNitrosomonas europaeaReporter Strain To Estimate Toxicity of Bioavailable Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Soil

Brandt¹,

Pedersen²,

Sørensen³

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Information about in situ toxicity of the bioavailable pools of adsorptive soil pollutants is a prerequisite for proper ecological risk assessment in contaminated soils. Such toxicity data may be obtained by assays allowing for direct exposure of introduced test microorganisms to the toxicants, as they appear in solid solution equilibria in the natural soil. We describe a novel sensitive solid-phase contact assay for in situ toxicity testing of soil pollutants based on a recombinant bioluminescent reporter strain of Nitrosomonas europaea. A slurry of the reporter strain and soil sample was shaken for 1 h, after which bioluminescence was measured either directly (soil slurry protocol) or in the supernatant obtained after centrifugation (soil extract protocol). The assay was validated for both protocols by using linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) as a toxic and adsorptive model compound in the soil samples. Interestingly, LAS showed the same toxicity to the reporter strain with either soil incubation (both protocols) or pure culture, suggesting that adsorbed LAS pools contributed to the observed toxicity. The solid-phase contact assay that used the reporter strain of lux-marked N. europaea was slightly more sensitive for the detection of LAS toxicity in soil than activity-based assays targeting indigenous nitrifiers and much more sensitive than assays targeting indigenous heterotrophic microbes. We conclude that the new solid-phase contact assay, which is based on direct interaction of the test microorganisms with bioavailable pools of the toxicants in soil, provides a most sensitive and relevant method for evaluating the in situ toxicity and assessing the risks of soil contaminants.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-Phase Contact Assay That Uses alux-MarkedNitrosomonas europaeaReporter Strain To Estimate Toxicity of Bioavailable Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Soil

Brandt¹,

Pedersen²,

Sørensen³

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Our recommendation for turbid liquid samples is to centrifuge and then "lter the supernatant through 0.45-m and then 0.20-m "lters and dilute appropriately before adding the reconstitution solution containing bacteria to achieve results not dependent on particulate matter. A high apparent background soil toxicity in the standard Microtox test has also been reported (Cassells et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Effect of Dust on the Viability of Vibrio fischeri in the Microtox Test

Park

Hee

2001

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…SPE [7,12,13] is usually employed as off-line sample preconcentration method before CEC separation. Even though they are more flexible, off-line preconcentration methods have the disadvantage that the sample handing is always time-consuming and may lead to analyte loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction coupled to pressure‐assisted CEC and its application to the analysis of propranolol enantiomers in human urine

Lin

Zheng

et al. 2007

Electrophoresis

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A successful hyphenation of in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and pressure-assisted CEC (pCEC) was developed by installing a poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolithic capillary to the six-port valve in a CEC system. The device designed was appropriate for on-line in-tube SPME coupled to pCEC or muHPLC. The evaluation of this hyphenation was first carried out for in-tube SPME-muHPLC with analytical capillaries packed with 3 microm octadecyl silica (ODS). Theobromine (TB), theophylline (TP), and caffeine (CA) were chosen as model drugs for an easy comparison with the results obtained by in tube SPME-HPLC. The detection limits of these three analytes were improved more than 100 times when compared with the direct analysis by muHPLC. Then in-tube SPME-pCEC with CEC capillaries packed with perphenylcarbamoylated beta-CD-bonded silica particles was applied to the determination and analysis of propranolol enantiomers in human urine. Under optimal extraction and separation conditions, the experimental LODs were 4 and 7 ng/mL for (S)-propranolol and (R)-propranolol, respectively. The calibration curves showed good linearity for both (S)-propranolol (R(2) = 0.9997) and (R)-propranolol (R(2) = 0.9996) over the concentration range from 20 to 5000 ng/mL. Reproducibility of the method was also investigated with intra- and interday precisions lower than 10% for both enantiomers at different concentration levels.

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Microtox® testing of pentachlorophenol in soil extracts and quantification by capillary electrochromatography (CEC) – A rapid screening approach for contaminated land

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Solid-Phase Contact Assay That Uses alux-MarkedNitrosomonas europaeaReporter Strain To Estimate Toxicity of Bioavailable Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Soil

Solid-Phase Contact Assay That Uses alux-MarkedNitrosomonas europaeaReporter Strain To Estimate Toxicity of Bioavailable Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Soil

Effect of Dust on the Viability of Vibrio fischeri in the Microtox Test

Development of in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction coupled to pressure‐assisted CEC and its application to the analysis of propranolol enantiomers in human urine

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