Microvesicles as Vehicles for Tissue Regeneration: Changing of the Guards

Panagiotou, Nikolaos; Davies, R. Wayne; Selman, Colin; Shiels, Paul G.

doi:10.1007/s40139-016-0115-5

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Chain Reaction. Prior to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), total RNAs were extracted and reverse-transcribed using random hexamers, as previously described [10]. RT-PCR was performed using 10 ng of cDNA/tube and SYBR Green Mix (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA).…”

Section: Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, stem cell-derived substrates and secretomes have been used as therapeutic tools and for cartilage regeneration [1]. Several studies have shown that the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell transplantation is attributable to multiple secreted factors that regulate the surrounding microenvironment to evoke regeneration via a paracrine mechanism [9][10][11]. MSCs secrete an array of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles; these enhance collagen type II expression and downregulate matrix metalloproteinase expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells and Their Secretome for Auricular Cartilage Regeneration

Choi

et al. 2020

Stem Cells International

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Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) can repair auricular cartilage defects. Furthermore, stem cell secretome may also be a promising biological therapeutic option, which is equal to or even superior to the stem cell. We explored the therapeutic efficacies of ADSCs and their secretome in terms of rabbit auricular cartilage regeneration. ADSCs and their secretome were placed into surgically created auricular cartilage defects. After 4 and 8 weeks, the resected auricles were histopathologically and immunohistochemically examined. We used real-time PCR to determine the levels of genes expressing collagen type II, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). ADSCs significantly improved auricular cartilage regeneration at 4 and 8 weeks, compared to the secretome and PBS groups, as revealed by gross examination, histopathologically and immunohistochemically. ADSCs upregulated the expression of collagen type II, TGF-β1, and IGF-1 more so than did the secretome or PBS. The expression levels of collagen type II and IGF-1 were significantly higher at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks after ADSC injection. Although ADSCs thus significantly enhanced new cartilage formation, their secretome did not. Therefore, ADSCs may be more effective than their secretome in the repair of auricular cartilage defect.

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Section: Quantitative Real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells and Their Secretome for Auricular Cartilage Regeneration

Choi

et al. 2020

Stem Cells International

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“…Cell-derived microvesicles (MV) are a relatively new object of research that represents vesicular fragments of a plasma membrane 100 (150)-1000 nm in diameter, while exosomes are less than 100 (150) nm in size [20,21,69,70]. It was demonstrated that MV are produced by cells both in an unstimulated state and as a result of activation; both at physiological processes and at pathologies [43,44,48,54,57,64,69]. It has been established that MV contain both membrane molecules expressed by a source cell and cytoplasmic molecules: lipids, class I and II MHC molecules, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors, microRNA [8,14,21,63], and messenger RNA [1,68,75].…”

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confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Microvesicles Produced by Natural Killer Cells

et al. 2019

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Natural killer (NK) cells are of special interest among a multitude of microvesicle (MV) source cells. NK cells are a lymphocyte subpopulation performing contact cytolysis of virus-infected cells and tumor cells. Each of the NK cell populations has a unique receptor repertoire on its surface and, thus, unique functions. During their contact with a target cell, the most common mechanism of cytolysis is an exocytosis of lytic granules. However, some indirect evidence suggests that MV with CD56 phenotype and leukocyte-derived MV with various phenotypes are present in the peripheral blood plasma.This research is aimed to study the phenotype, composition and cytotoxic activity of microvesicles produced by NK cells. The analysis of receptor expression showed that MV, as well as source cells of the NK-92 cell line, had a similar CD56 molecule expression profile. The expression profile in MV differs from the same in source cells by higher CD119 and CD11b expression and by lower CD18 expression. Culturing of NK-92 cells in the presence of PMA, IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ resulted in alterations of cell phenotypes and MV. Immunoblots revealed a change of perforin and granzyme B (GrB) in MV. The analysis of the cytotoxic activity of NK-92 cells in a natural killer in vitro assay employing K562 target cells demonstrated that MV obtained from TNFα-activated cells of the NK-92 cell line increased the cytotoxicity of the same TNFα-activated NK-92 cells regarding cytotoxicity levels. This coincides with the previously revealed increased content of GrB in MV obtained from TNFα-activated cells of the NK-92 cell line. To sum up depending on the cytokine NK-92 cells produce MV that differ in their phenotype, composition and activity. Any changes in MV composition can result in changes in their functional activity: in particular, changes can increase the cytotoxic activity of NK cells of the NK-92 cell line. Thus, besides a well-known and proved way for GrB delivery to a target cell, we can suggest an additional way – the transportation of GrB within MV.

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“…PCs are autologous or allogeneic platelet derivatives with a platelet concentration higher than baseline. PCs can release various bioactive components such as growth factors, cytokines, and platelet‐derived microparticles, which are widely used in different areas of regenerative medicine because of their powerful tissue regeneration and repair capabilities . Accordingly, platelet concentrates exert their action by the active substances released by α‐particles, dense particles, and lysosomes in the platelets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the effect of age on platelet ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy

Tian

Cheng

Chen

et al. 2019

International Wound Journal

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In the present study, the age‐ and sex‐related differences in platelet ultrastructure were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A total of 15 healthy volunteers were grouped according to age, with 5 people in each of the following groups: young group (25‐45 years), middle‐aged group (46‐65 years), and old‐aged group (> 65 years). In the TEM micrographs, the internal components, specifically the α‐granules, dense granules, and lysosomal granules, of 20 platelets were counted for each group. Two‐way analysis of variance of age and sex variance was used to compare the results. The ultrastructure of the platelets in the old‐aged group was observed to be quite different from those of the young and middle‐aged groups. Specifically, with ageing, the platelet membrane becomes more irregular in shape and non‐smooth, and multiple platelet membrane ruptures are observed. Furthermore, the pseudopodia and protuberances become more numerous and slender, and the number of α‐granules is significantly reduced. These morphological changes indicate that ageing may affect the function of platelets, which in turn affects the efficacy of platelet concentrates. Thus, the effects of age should be considered when using platelet concentrates prepared from elderly autologous blood.

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Microvesicles as Vehicles for Tissue Regeneration: Changing of the Guards

Cited by 28 publications

References 66 publications

Comparative Analysis of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells and Their Secretome for Auricular Cartilage Regeneration

Comparative Analysis of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells and Their Secretome for Auricular Cartilage Regeneration

Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of Microvesicles Produced by Natural Killer Cells

Investigating the effect of age on platelet ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy

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