Microwave and Millimeter Wave Hybrid Integrated Circuits for Radio Systems

Abstract

Hybrid integration of microwave and millimeter wave circuits is essential for achieving future communication objectives in radio systems. Hybrid integrated circuits are circuits which are manufactured on a single planar substrate. Passive elements are fabricated by partial metallization of the substrate; active devices are inserted by bonding semiconductor diodes or bulk devices to the metal conductors. We discuss the electrical properties of passive line elements on insulating substrates. We also compare the design formulas given with measurements made at 30 GHz, and present the results obtained at 80 GHz with wideband transitions from waveguide to microstrip and the measurements obtained with microstrip IMPATT oscillators and high order varactor multipliers in the same frequency range. There are advantages of scaling for building hybrid integrated circuits which we discuss. Oversize models can be built and tested in a relatively short time and substantial savings in turnaround time, required manpower, and cost can be achieved.

Full Wave Analysis of Normal and Superconducting Microstrip Transmission Lines

“…Our computed attenuation results are in good agreement with the quasi-static results in [21], [22], [44], and [45]. Quasistatic techniques assume pure TEM mode of wave propagation and is, thus, valid only in the low frequency range where the dimensions of the microstrip structure is much smaller than the wavelength.…”

“…Both the strip and groundplane of the normal microstrip structure are made of copper. The attenuation constants are compared with those from equations derived using conformal transformations [16] and Wheelers incremental inductance rule [46], by Hammerstad and Bekkadal (HB) [21], Schneider, Glance, and Bodtman (SGB) [22], and Pucel, Masse, and Hartwig (PMH) [45]. 4 and for alumina substrate with e r = 9.35 in Figs.…”

“…The attenuation constant a z can be computed by substituting the root of k yd into (22) and extracting the imaginary component of (3). Close inspection on (22) shows that in order to compute the value of the complex propagation constant k z , k yd must be a complex variable as well, since both k d and k xd are real variables. Close inspection on (22) shows that in order to compute the value of the complex propagation constant k z , k yd must be a complex variable as well, since both k d and k xd are real variables.…”

Effect on Resonant Frequency for E-Plane Mutually Coupled Microstrip Antennas

“…E-planecoupled configurations for rectangular, square and circular microstrip antennas were chosen in Figures 1 and 2. The guide wavelength (λ g ) was calculated from Schneider's formula [10]. These antennas were fed at the center of one of the non-radiating edges by coaxial connectors with a frequency (f design ) ranging from 1 to 10 GHz.…”

Input Impedance of Rectangular Microstrip Antennas on Non-Radiating Edges for Different Feed Sizes

“…A number of rectangular microstrip antennas of various a/h ratios and of length λ g /2 and fed at any point on any one of the non-radiating edges by coaxial connectors, were constructed on PTFE substrates of different ε r and h at the center frequency ranging from 1 to 10 GHz as shown in Figure 1. The values of λ g /2 were calculated from [9].…”