“…In particular, graphene discovery highlighted the nanocarbon-based material’s irreplaceable impact on energy storage. ,− By this time, there have been many studies on the singly or doped effect of activated carbon (AC), graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphical carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), carbon dots (CDs), and carbon quantum dots. − Transition metal oxides, metal sulfides, polyoxometalates, phosphates, carbonates, chalcogenides, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) conductive polymers, and their compounds have been investigated as adequate materials for energy storage applications, and they have a domain in other areas such as catalysts, sensors, drug delivery, gas storage/separation, and other types of energy storage/conversion systems such as batteries and fuel cells. − Chiefly, metal oxides including Co 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 , RuO 2 , ZnO, MnO 2 , NiO, SnO 2 , TiO 2 , CuO, Bi 2 O 3 , etc. with high specific capacitance values and high pseudocapacitive behaviors are commonly used. ,− Among the available metal oxides, Co 3 O 4 and RuO 2 come to the forefront with magnificent electrochemical reversibility and high theoretical specific capacitance, as well as remarkable cycling stability . However, the steep price and toxic nature of these materials limit their utilizability. , To sum up, the formation of ideal SCs requires reasonably priced and environmentally friendly materials with high capacitance, besides high energy and power densities.…”