Microwave-Assisted Functionalization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Biosensor and Drug Delivery Applications

Abstract

Microwave-assisted synthetic methods have emerged as a popular technique for surface modification and the functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for diverse drug delivery applications. Microwave-induced functionalization of MWCNTs provides a high functionalization and requires less time than conventional techniques. Microwave methods are simple, fast, and effective for the covalent and noncovalent conjugation of MWCNTs with various biomolecules and polymers. The present review focuses on the synthetic and drug delivery applications of microwave irradiation techniques (MITs) for the functionalization of MWCNTs, using amino acids and other molecular frameworks containing amino groups, vitamins, proteins, epoxy moieties, metal nanoparticles, and polymers.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials from biobased resources for water treatment applications: emerging trends and prospects

“…Under the influence of the microwave energy field, charged particles that are dissolved into the sample, in ionic form, bounce back and forth and subsequently produce heat by interacting with nearby molecules or atoms (Gabriel et al, 1998;Singh et al, 2019). This technique have been used to prepare different types of nanomaterials including metallic nanoparticles (Zhu and Chen, 2014;Tsuji, 2017), semiconductor quantum dots (Xuan et al, 2015), metal-organic nanomaterials (Thi Dang et al, 2020), polymeric nanomaterials (An et al, 2006), carbon-based nanomaterials (de Medeiros et al, 2019Thakur et al, 2023), and many others. CDs synthesis using domestic microwave (A) and commercial microwave (B) with biobased materials (Yang et al, 2018a;Monte-Filho et al, 2019).…”

“…The preparation of carbon-based nanomaterials from biobased resources is essentially a top-down approach, which involves the break down of large carbonaceous materials, such as agricultural wastes, into nano-sized carbon structures (de Medeiros et al, 2019;Thakur et al, 2023). The microwave-assisted synthesis is effective for producing carbon nanomaterials and has the added benefits of rapid volumetric heating, high reaction rates, precise control over size and shape of nanomaterials by reaction parameter adjustment, and energy efficiency.…”

Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, and Dots

“…The toxicology issues are connected with drug delivery and bioimaging. The drug delivery is controlled by water solubility, biocompatibility, blood circulation time, targeting, and accumulation of therapeutics in diseased cells and tissues for carbon nanotubes [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], graphene [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62], fullerenes [63], dots [64][65][66][67]. The diagnostic method, bioimaging, is connected with the penetration of drugs and diagnostic agents into tissues and cells and the sensitivity of detection.…”

Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes Surface by Aryl Groups: A Review

“…A number of reviews [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] present data on this topic; however, most of them describe the CNTs’ chemistry generally. Although several reviews on specific methods of CNT functionalization have been published over the last few years [ 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], not all sections of CNT chemistry have been covered in sufficient detailed [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Moreover, a number of new studies require analysis and reflection.…”