Microwave-assisted growth of spherical core-shell NiFe LDH@CuxO nanostructures for electrocatalytic water oxidation reaction

Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio‐oil using layered double hydroxides (LDH)‐derived materials

“…By exploring different synthesis methods, different structured (micro/nano) as well as different dimensional LDH materials were reported (Kuang et al., 2010). The core‐shell structure of LDH composite materials (Figure 3h) are spherical in nature and are the combination of inner core materials and outer layer materials in which LDH can be either as core or shell material (Arshad et al., 2023; Das et al., 2023). Further, flower‐like (Figure 3i) and hollow‐sphere LDH structures (Figure 3j), were also prepared by adopting different synthesis approaches (Ding et al., 2023; Feng et al., 2021; Xu et al., 2017; Zhang, Lu, et al., 2022) were.…”

Roles of Metal Oxide Nanostructure-Based Substrates in Sustainable Electrochemical Water Splitting: Recent Development and Future Perspective

“…In this corresponding research area, various electrodes have been utilized to drive the OER and HER, which will complicate and increase the cost of production and manufacturing procedures. , Exploring bifunctional electrocatalysts to catalyze both the OER and HER may not only simplify the process on practical scale applications but also assist to realize the commercialization of multiple secondary energy. Lately, various electrocatalytic composites have been explored to decrease the OER and HER overpotentials, and these have been fabricated with excellent catalytic properties for both the OER and HER, such as hydroxide, oxide, sulfide, oxy-hydroxide, phosphide, nitride, carbide, and selenide-based electrocatalysts, and various alloys have also been explored by many researchers. − Electrocatalysts for the OER, a huge struggle, are being focused mainly on certain oxides. Metal oxide species with higher valence states and a low coordination number and larger molecules of H 2 O adsorption energy have been suggested as active and efficient catalytic centers by induction of OOH species deprotonation for O 2 generation. − Polyoxometalates (POMs), composed of earth-abundant elements, also a class of metal–oxo clusters, are predominantly attractive because of the extraordinary proton and electron reservoir properties. , Such a kind of molecular clusters may be obtained readily and utilized as building blocks for connecting additional components to construct competent electrocatalysts toward several challenging processes. , Generally, composites for industrial electrolysis of water should meet certain requirements including (1) maximum catalytic performance not only comparable but also superior to that of precious metal composites, (2) outstanding stability in the electrolysis process, which is for thousands of hours, and (3) better scalability and inexpensiveness for commercial-scale production.…”

“…4,13 Exploring bifunctional electrocatalysts to catalyze both the OER and HER may not only simplify the process on practical scale applications but also assist to realize the commercialization of multiple secondary energy. Lately, various electrocatalytic composites have been explored to decrease the OER and HER overpotentials, and these have been fabricated with excellent catalytic properties for both the OER and HER, such as hydroxide, oxide, 14 sulfide, 15 oxyhydroxide, 16 phosphide, 17 nitride, 18 carbide, 19 and selenidebased 20 electrocatalysts, and various alloys 21 have also been explored by many researchers. 22−26 Electrocatalysts for the OER, a huge struggle, are being focused mainly on certain oxides.…”

Electronic and Structural Modification of Three-Dimensional Porous NiCo@NF as a Robust Electrocatalyst for CO2 Emission-Free Methanol Upgradation to Boost Hydrogen Co-production

“…Hydrogen is getting substantial attention as a renewable, clean, and promising energy resource with zero CO 2 emissions and a large calorific value. − Electrochemical water electrolysis for H 2 generation powered via viable electricity has been considered an environmentally friendly and economical approach . The electrochemical water electrolysis process involves hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the activity of these reactions depends on the nature of electrolytes such as acidic and alkaline electrolytes. , HER shows good activity and favorability in an acidic medium, and OER shows good activity and favorability in an alkaline medium, but the generation rate of H 2 is generally limited by the sluggish kinetics of anodic OER. , Many types of electrocatalysts have been designed, but still, they have unsatisfactory performance, even when using benchmark electrocatalysts like RuO 2 and IrO 2 , and the produced O 2 is also of limited value. − Apart from efficient OER composite development, the alternative approach is to replace it with any chemical oxidation reaction, which can be more thermodynamically favorable. − Methanol is regarded as the simplest alcohol that oxidizes rapidly, having a low-cost and high production capability . Over the catalysts, methanol breaks down into CO 2 and the produced hydrogen at the cathode is used in fuel cells to make electricity .…”

“…5,6 HER shows good activity and favorability in an acidic medium, and OER shows good activity and favorability in an alkaline medium, but the generation rate of H 2 is generally limited by the sluggish kinetics of anodic OER. 7,8 Many types of electrocatalysts have been designed, but still, they have unsatisfactory performance, even when using benchmark electrocatalysts like RuO 2 and IrO 2 , and the produced O 2 is also of limited value. 9−11 Apart from efficient OER composite development, the alternative approach is to replace it with any chemical oxidation reaction, which can be more thermodynamically favorable.…”