Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass for liquid biofuels production

Yin, Chungen

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.016

Cited by 346 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“… Instantaneous volumetric heating, overcoming heat transfer constraints with significantly reduced equipment size  Pyrolysis of larger particles without the need for size reduction and downstream separation [6,10,11]  Minimal need for inert sweep gas  Potential to produce a different range or grade of products due to the unique thermal gradients that result from microwave heating.…”

Section: Microwave Pyrolysis -A Volumetric Heating Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass: Control of Process Parameters for High Pyrolysis Oil Yields and Enhanced Oil Quality

et al. 2015

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The oil yield and quality of pyrolysis oil from microwave heating of biomass was established by studying the behaviour of Larch in microwave processing. This is the first study in biomass pyrolysis to use a microwave processing technique and methodology that is fundamentally scalable, from which the basis of design for a continuous processing system can be derived to maximise oil yield and quality. It is shown systematically that sample size is a vital parameter that has been overlooked by previous work in this field. When sample size is controlled the liquid product yield is comparable to conventional pyrolysis, and can be achieved at an energy input of around 600 kWh/t. The quality of the liquid product is significantly improved compared to conventional pyrolysis processes, which results from the very rapid heating and quenching that can be achieved with microwave processing. The yields of Levoglucosan and phenolic compounds were found to be an order of magnitude higher in microwave pyrolysis when compared with conventional fast pyrolysis. Geometry is a key consideration for the development of a process at scale, and the opportunities and challenges for scale-up are discussed within this paper.

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Section: Microwave Pyrolysis -A Volumetric Heating Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass: Control of Process Parameters for High Pyrolysis Oil Yields and Enhanced Oil Quality

et al. 2015

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“…Loss tangent, tan δ = ε"/ε' describes the overall efficiency of OPT core to convert microwave radiation into heat [30]. In Fig.…”

Section: A Effect Of Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, OPT core can be classified as medium microwave absorbing biomass according to Table I which is also similar to many oil palm biomasses. Biomass with higher loss tangent will be more advantage in rapid heating because the rate of convention of electromagnetic energy into heat was higher [30]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

Jie¹,

Abdullah²,

Yusof³

et al. 2015

JOCET

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Abstract-Recent development in microwave-assisted processing of biomass materials has significantly created a need for fundamental study to understand the dielectric properties of these biomass feedstock, which could give further insight about interaction between microwave energy and biomass. In the present study, dielectric properties of oil palm trunk (OPT) core were investigated using an open-ended coaxial probe method. The dielectric properties of OPT core were determined as a function of controlling factors such as microwave frequency, biomass moisture content and fibre directions (radial, tangential and cross section). The results showed that dielectric constant of OPT core was decreased with the increasing of frequency. For dielectric loss and loss tangent, a similar trend was observed but only at low frequency (<1.8 GHz). The dielectric constant and loss of OPT core were positively correlated with its moisture content for all fibre directions. In terms of magnitude of dielectric constant and loss, radial direction showed the highest value compared to cross section and tangential which suggests radial direction has the optimum electromagnetic energy absorption and conversion.Index Terms-Oil palm trunk core, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, loss tangent. I. INTRODUCTIONAs main exporter of oil palm, Malaysia has a large area of oil palm plantation. Until December 2012, there were 5.08 million ha area of oil palm plantation covering 15% of the total land area in Malaysia [1]. Oil palm tree has short productivity life span about 25 years. During replanting, it is estimated that around 74 t/ha dry oil palm trunk (OPT) logs are produced giving availability of around 13.6 million OPT logs/year for every 100,000 hectares plantations [2]. The abundant OPT logs are mostly utilized in saw-wood, lumber, plywood, flooring and furniture manufacturing [3], [4]. In the manufacturing of plywood, only the outer part of OPT logs was peeled to be further processed into plywood while the core part comprised only soft parenchyma tissue was left out as waste [5]. The core waste could be converted into cattle feed or further processed into biofuel.For waste conversion of biomass into biofuel and materials, microwave-assisted processes such as microwavepyrolysis and microwave-drying are increasingly applied [2], [6]- [8]. Unlike conventional heat source, microwave energy has several advantageous including volumetric heating allowing bulky and high moisture biomass to be processed, minimize secondary reaction to optimize product yield also permits rapid heating therefore cost and time-saving [6] [11]. The mechanism of microwave energy on biomass involves the transport of the electrical charges by the ions present in the biomass cell wall and cellulose. Once the microwave is encountered the biomass, randomly oriented dipoles in dielectric material align themselves in a direction opposite to applied external electric field. The molecules absorb the energy and store as potential energy. By the mechanism of ionic conduction and d...

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“…In general, materials can be classified as high (tan δ > 0.5), medium (0.1 -0.5) and low microwave absorbing (< 0.1) [30]. Materials which exhibit a low tan δ value are not necessarily exempt from being used in a MW heating system provided that high intensity electric fields are supported.…”

Section: Microwave Heating -The Fundamentalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of microwave heating in bioenergy: A review on the microwave pre-treatment and upgrading technologies for biomass

Kostas

Beneroso

Robinson

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

253

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Bioenergy, derived from biomass and/or biological (or biomass-derived) waste residues, has been acknowledged as a sustainable and clean burning source of renewable energy with the potential to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels (such as oil and natural gas). However, many bioenergy processes require some form of pre-treatment and/or upgrading procedure for biomass to generate a modified residue with more suitable properties and render it more compatible with the specific energy conversion route chosen. Many of these pre-treatments (or upgrading procedures) involve some form of substantive heating of the biomass to achieve this modification. Microwave (MW) heating has attracted much attention in recent years due to the advantages associated with dielectric heating effects. These advantages include rapid and efficient heating in a controlled environment, increasing processing rates and substantially shortening reaction times by up to 80%. However, despite this interest, the growth of industrial MW heating applications for bioenergy production has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the fundamentals of the MW heating mechanism when applied to biomass and waste residues. This article presents a review of the current scientific literature associated with the application of microwave heating for both the pre-treatment and upgrading of various biomass feedstocks across different bioenergy conversion pathways including thermal and biochemical processes. The fundamentals behind microwave heating will be explained, as well as discussion of the imperative areas which require further research and development to bridge the gap between fundamental science in the laboratory and the successful application of this technology at a commercial scale.

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Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass for liquid biofuels production

Cited by 346 publications

References 63 publications

Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass: Control of Process Parameters for High Pyrolysis Oil Yields and Enhanced Oil Quality

Microwave Pyrolysis of Biomass: Control of Process Parameters for High Pyrolysis Oil Yields and Enhanced Oil Quality

Dielectric Properties of Oil Palm Trunk Core

The application of microwave heating in bioenergy: A review on the microwave pre-treatment and upgrading technologies for biomass

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