Microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of sulfur-doped graphene for electrochemical sensing

Liu, Yanxia; Ma, Yanli; Yue, Jin; Chen, Gui–Qiang; Zhang, Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.025

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The increase in electrical conductivity after doping with sulfur atoms is interesting, which was recently reported by a few other researchers. 22,32,42 Yun et al 22 found electrical conductivity of 17.4 S cm −1 for SrGO, which is 2 orders of magnitude larger than that of rGO (0.32 S cm −1 ). An electrical conductivity 2.2 times larger than that of the undoped counterpart was reported for SrGO (22.8 vs 10.4 S cm −1 ).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…30,31 Among the reported precursors, most of them suffered from toxic nature, complicated synthesis protocols, long synthesis time, and cost, which limit the practical use of such materials. 26,27,32,33 Herein, we proposed a novel environmentally friendly mushroom-derived biomass compound, "lenthionine", through which a C−S−C type bond structure with a substantial doping content of 1.95 atom % was obtained with similar or better performance than many of the reported literature values. 29,34 Similarly, the EMI SE values of corresponding doped laminates reached an outstanding value of 38.6 dB at a relatively very small thickness (150 μm), one of the best achievements among studied graphene materials.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Biomass-Derived Thermally Annealed Interconnected Sulfur-Doped Graphene as a Shield against Electromagnetic Interference

Shahzad

Kumar

Kim³

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

130

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Electrically conductive thin carbon materials have attracted remarkable interest as a shielding material to mitigate the electromagnetic interference (EMI) produced by many telecommunication devices. Herein, we developed a sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (SrGO) with high electrical conductivity through using a novel biomass, mushroom-based sulfur compound (lenthionine) via a two-step thermal treatment. The resultant SrGO product exhibited excellent electrical conductivity of 311 S cm(-1), which is 52% larger than 205 S cm(-1) for undoped rGO. SrGO also exhibited an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 38.6 dB, which is 61% larger than 24.4 dB measured for undoped rGO. Analytical examinations indicate that a sulfur content of 1.95 atom % acts as n-type dopant, increasing electrical conductivity and, therefore, EMI shielding of doped graphene.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Biomass-Derived Thermally Annealed Interconnected Sulfur-Doped Graphene as a Shield against Electromagnetic Interference

Shahzad

Kumar

Kim³

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

130

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“…268 This shows that the annealing temperature affects the doping levels and lower temperatures tend to produce higher sulfur content. However, in 2015, Liu et al 278 reported the use of similar sulfur containing precursor (benzyl disulphide) and GO in the synthesis of Sdoped graphene using microwave-assisted solvothermal method and achieved a doping level of 2.3%. Liang et al 274 reported the S-doped graphene that had been FIGURE 6 Bonding configuration of S-doped graphene 267 annealed at a temperature of 1000°C with gaseous sulfur source of H 2 S gas on Si/SiO 2 .…”

Section: Sulfur-doped Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroatom-doped graphene and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

2018

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Summary The most frequently used counter electrode (CE) in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is platinum on fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass. This electrode has excellent electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and high electrocatalytic affinity for the reduction of triiodide. However, the high cost of metallic platinum and the poor electrochemical stability pose a major drawback in the commercial production. This has necessitated a search for a non‐precious metal and metal‐free electrocatalyst that demonstrates better catalytic activity and longer electrochemical stability for practical use in DSSCs. Graphene has been at the centre of attention due to its excellent optoelectronic properties. However, a defect‐free graphene sheet is not suitable as a CE in DSSCs, because of its neutral polarity which often restricts efficient charge transfer at the graphene/liquid interface, irrespective of the high in‐plane charge mobility. Hence, heteroatom‐doped graphene‐based CEs are being developed with the aim to balance electrical conductivity for efficient charge transfer and charge polarization for enhanced reduction activity of redox couples simultaneously. The elements commonly used in chemical doping of graphene are nitrogen, oxygen, boron, sulfur, and phosphorus. Halogens have also recently shown great promise. It has been demonstrated that edge‐selective heteroatom‐doping of graphene imparts both efficient in‐plane charge transfers and polarity, thereby enhancing electrocatalytic activity. Thus, heteroatom‐doped graphene serves as a good material to replace conventional electrodes and enhance power conversion efficiency in DSSCs. The focus is to reduce the cost of DSSCs. This review explores the performance of DSSCs, factors that influence the power conversion efficiency, and various physicochemical properties of graphene. It further outlines current progress on the synthetic approaches for chemical doping (substitutional and surface transfer doping) of graphene and graphene oxide with different heteroatoms in order to fine‐tune the electronic properties. The use of heteroatom‐doped graphene as a CE in DSSCs and how it improves the photovoltaic performance of cells is discussed.

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“…This is attributable to the existence of thiophene S, which results in enriched free charge-carrier densities for the highly delocalized π electrons, enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the numerous active sites, and improved conductivity. 41,42…”

Section: Electrochemical Behaviors Of Hq and CC At The Modified Elect...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile one-pot synthesis and application of nitrogen and sulfur-doped activated graphene in simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydroquinone and catechol

Xiao

Yin

et al. 2016

Analyst

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Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) co-doped activated graphene (N,S-AGR) was prepared by the one-pot pyrolysis of a mixture of graphene oxide (GO), thiourea, and potassium hydroxide (KOH), where thiourea acts as the source of N and S dopants and KOH is the activator for porosity. N,S-AGR with a dopant abundance of 2.8 at% N and 2.3 at% S was then used as a high-activity electrocatalyst in the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers, hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC), in aqueous solution. Compared with the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE), the electrodes modified with N,S-AGR showed enhanced electrochemical performance toward HQ and CC in both cyclic voltammetric (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) measurements because of their enlarged surface area, enhanced electron-transfer rate and increased active sites. Compared with some recently reported electrochemical sensors based on graphene composites, the N,S-AGR modified electrode exhibits higher sensitivity, a much lower detection limit and a comparable linear range for the simultaneous determination of HQ and CC. Moreover, the proposed sensor is promising in practical application for the satisfactory recoveries obtained in real water sample analyses.

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Microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of sulfur-doped graphene for electrochemical sensing

Cited by 38 publications

References 45 publications

Biomass-Derived Thermally Annealed Interconnected Sulfur-Doped Graphene as a Shield against Electromagnetic Interference

Biomass-Derived Thermally Annealed Interconnected Sulfur-Doped Graphene as a Shield against Electromagnetic Interference

Heteroatom-doped graphene and its application as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

Facile one-pot synthesis and application of nitrogen and sulfur-doped activated graphene in simultaneous electrochemical determination of hydroquinone and catechol

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