Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activities and Molecular Docking of Methoxycarboxylated Chalcone Derived Pyrazoline and Pyrazole Derivatives

Abstract

The synthesis of effective antimicrobial therapeutics has become a challenge due to the occurrence of genetic mutations in microbes that reduced the efficiency of drugs. A new series of heterocyclic chalcone derivatives (1 a‐g, 2 a‐g, 3 a‐g, 4 a‐g) were designed with 52.64‐93.69 % yield under microwave and scrutinized for their antimicrobial activities on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) via turbidimetric and disc diffusion method. Carboxylated pyrazoline derivatives (3 a‐g) gave strong interaction potency with the zone inhibition of 12–16 mm compared to the reference drug of ampicillin (11 mm). Among all synthesized compounds, phenyl carboxyl pyrazoline (3 d) gave the highest antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone 16 mm compared to other carboxylated chalcone derivatives (1 a‐g) (6‐11 mm) and phenyl carboxylated pyrazole derivatives (4 a‐g) (8‐13 mm) against S. aureus bacteria. The molecular docking analysis of compounds (1 d), (3 d), and (4 e) exhibited the binding affinity −7.4 kcal/mol, −7.7 kcal/mol, −7.6 kcal/mol respectively, which significantly conclude the pyrazoline derivatives have better antimicrobial activity than chalcone and pyrazole derivatives. This research on effective and safe drug designing is beneficial for the medicinal field and pharmaceutical industry.

Synthesis, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and docking studies of chalcones against multidrug resistance pathogens

“…Since the chalcone spine is very useful in the preparation of substances with medicinal potential for different diseases [ 25 ] Several chalcone derivative like Isobavachalcone was extracted from Psoralea corylifolia which demonstrated significant antimicrobial effect with MIC of 8 μg/mL on MRSA strains [ 26 ]. Chalcone exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli [ 27 ]. In 2023, M. Yadav et al synthesized a chalcone derivative which showed MIC of 0.012 mol/mL against P. aeruginosa .…”

New Pyrazole‐Hydrazide Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, Highly Active Catecholase‐Like Catalyst, and Antibacterial Study

“…The pharmacological activities of the pyrazole derivatives are well illustrated by a large number of commercially effective drugs. [11,12,13,14,15] Pyrazole derivatives have also been demonstrated to possess versatile biological activities such as anticancer, [16,17,18] antifungal, [16] antitubercular, [19,20] antiinflammatory, [21,22] antialzheimer's, [23] antimalarial, [24] antimicrobial, [25,26] and antidiabetic [27] … Two notable examples are Celecoxib and Fluconazol (figure 1), which are pyrazolebased compounds being marketed as antimicrobial agents. [28,29] Hydrazide compounds received extensive attention due to their varied biologically effective drugs.…”