Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering—a review

Resumen This article shows the importance energy characterization of liquid and gaseous fuels obtained from the known pyrolysis heat treatment by microwave. The characterization of these fuels will take into account technical standards such as ASTM D3452 -93 for gas chromatography (GC), ASTM D2549 for gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS) and ASTM D6370 -99 to thermogravimetry in the analysis of the composition of the tires.It also shows that these pyrolytic oils and gases have a high calorific value of 42 MJ / kg and a sulfur content between 0.8 and 1.65 wt%, depending on the type of tire and process conditions. Este artículo muestra la importancia de la caracterización de la energía de combustibles líquidos y gaseosos obtenidos del conocido tratamiento térmico de pirolisis a través de un microondas. La caracterización de estos combustibles tomará en cuenta los estándares técnicos tales como ASTM D3452 -93 para la cromatografía de gases (GC), ASTM D2549 para cromatografía de gas/ espectrometría de masa (GC/MS) y ASTM D6370 -99 para termogravimetría en el análisis de la composición de llantas.También muestra que estos combustibles y gases de pirolisis tiene una alta valor calorífico de 42 MJ / Kg y un contenido de azufre entre 0.8 y 1.65 Wt%, dependiendo en el tipo de llanta y las condiciones del proceso.

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“…Las características más importantes se resumen a continuación [23]: 1. Reducción significativa del volumen de residuos 2.…”

Section: Iunclassified

Métodos para Caracterizar Combustibles Líquidos y Gaseosos Obtenidos de Llantas en Desuso a Través de las Normas ASTM.

Ospina

Villada‐Gil

2011

Lámpsakos

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“…These include: (i) non-contact heating; (ii) rapid heating; (iii) selective heating; (iv) a quick start/stop facility; (v) a high level of safety and automation; and (vi) heating from inside the body of the material (i.e., energy conversion instead of heat transfer) [1,3]. All of these advantages have promoted research into the application of microwave heating to a wide range of different processes including waste and biomass valorization [4], material synthesis [5,6], metallurgy and mineral processing [3,7], catalysis [8], organic synthesis [9], environmental technology [7,10], biomass extraction [11], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lately, several authors have pointed out that the energy efficiency of microwave heating could also represent an important advantage over conventional heating technologies [10,14,15]. Yet, in spite of the increasing interest in this technology, there is still very little information about its energy efficiency [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy consumption estimation in the scaling-up of microwave heating processes

Bermúdez

Beneroso

Rey‐Raap

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

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The specific energy consumption of six different microwave-driven processes and equipments has been studied and it was found that the scale used dramatically affects it.Increasing the amount of sample employed from 5 to 100 g leads to a reduction in the specific energy consumption of 90-95%. When the amount of sample is 200 g or higher, the specific energy consumption remains practically constant. This means that to assess the real energy efficiency of a microwave-driven process a minimum mass of about 200 g needs to be used. The energy results can then be easily extrapolated to larger scales.Otherwise, a correlation should be used to avoid overestimated energy values and inaccurate energy efficiencies.

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“…As a energy field, Microwave can heat substance fastly, uniformly and selectively. It has been used widely in many fields including mineral leaching (AlHarahsheh and Kingman 2004;Chen et al 2011), wastewater treatment (Lin et al 2009;Remya and Lin 2011), environmental engineering and oil sand and petroleum upgrading (Jones et al 2002;Mutyala et al 2010). With the increasing emphasis on environmental issues, the application of microwave technology in the field of clean coal technology has attracted attention of experts (Zavitsanos and Blriler 1978;Meikap et al 2005;Kalra 2006; Lester et al 2006;Sahoo et al 2011;Royaei et al 2012;Ge et al 2013;Xia et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of the technique of coal microwave desulfurization

Tao

Xie

et al. 2014

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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With the advantages of its fast speed, effective and moderate controllable conditions, desulfurization of coal by microwave has become research focus in the field of clean coal technology. Coal is a homogeneous mixture which consists of various components with different dielectric properties, so their abilities to absorb microwaves are different, and the sulfur-containing components are better absorbers of microwave, which makes them can be selectively heated and reacted under microwave irradiation. There still remain controversies on the principle of microwave desulfurization at present, thermal effects or non-thermal effects. The point of thermal effects of microwave is mainly base on its characters of rapidly and selectly heating. While, in view of non-thermal effect, direct interactions between the microwave electromagnetic field and sulfur containing components are proposed. It is a fundamental problem to determine the dielectric properties of coal and the sulfur-containing components to reveal the interaction of microwave and sulfur-containing compounds. However, the test of dielectric property of coal is affected by many factors, which makes it difficult to measure dielectric properties accurately. In order to achieve better desulfurization effect, the researchers employ methods of adding chemical additives such as acid, alkali, oxidant, reductant, or changing the reaction atmosphere, or combining with other methods such as magnetic separation, ultrasonic and microorganism. Researchers in this field have also put forward several processes, and have obtained a number of patents. Obscurity of microwave desulfurization mechanism, uncertainties in qualitative and quantitative analysis of sulfur-containing functional groups in coal, and the lack of special microwave equipment have limited further development of microwave desulfurization technology.

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Microwave heating applications in environmental engineering—a review

Cited by 857 publications

References 38 publications

Métodos para Caracterizar Combustibles Líquidos y Gaseosos Obtenidos de Llantas en Desuso a Través de las Normas ASTM.

Métodos para Caracterizar Combustibles Líquidos y Gaseosos Obtenidos de Llantas en Desuso a Través de las Normas ASTM.

Energy consumption estimation in the scaling-up of microwave heating processes

Progress of the technique of coal microwave desulfurization

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