Microwave-Mediated Extracellular Synthesis of Metallic Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Macro-Algae (Gracilaria edulis) Extracts and Its Anticancer Activity Against Human PC3 Cell Lines

Abstract

A rapid and novel microwave-mediated protocol was established for extracellular synthesis of metallic silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using the extracts of macro-algae Gracilaria edulis (GE) and also examined its anticancer activity against human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3). The formation of silver nanoparticles (GEAgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (GEZnONPs) in the reaction mixture was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles were spherical and rod-shaped, respectively. Cell viability assays were carried out to determine the cytotoxic effects of AgNPs and ZnONPs against PC3 and normal African monkey kidney (VERO) cell line. The inhibitory concentration values were found to be 39.60, 28.55, 53.99 μg/mL and 68.49, 88.05, 71.98 μg/mL against PC3 cells and Vero cells for AgNPs, ZnONPs, and aqueous G. edulis extracts, respectively, at 48 h incubation period. As evidenced by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, the percentage of the apoptotic bodies was found to be 62 and 70 % for AgNPs and ZnONPs, respectively. The present results strongly suggest that the synthesized ZnONPs showed an effective anticancer activity against PC3 cell lines than AgNPs.

Eco-friendly biosynthesis, anticancer drug loading and cytotoxic effect of capped Ag-nanoparticles against breast cancer

“…Figure 6 shows the XRD pattern of the Ag-NP powders. A number of Bragg diffraction peaks, indexed as (111), (200), (220) and (311) with corresponding 2h values of 388,448, 648 and 768 confirm the crystallinity and the facecentered cubic Ag structure (JCPDS 04-0783) (Priyadharshini et al 2014). The average crystal size obtained from the Scherrer equation (d XRD ) was 13.7, 9, 10.9 and 10.3 nm from 10 to 40 SV, respectively.…”

Green engineering of biomolecule-coated metallic silver nanoparticles and their potential cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines

“…The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) value was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay carried out according to the method of Priyadharshini et al [22]. Cells were cultured and ~1 × 10 4 cells/well were seeded into 96-well culture plates and incubated for 48 h. Cell lines viz., HepG2, PC3 and Vero cells were treated with series of concentrations (1-100 µg ml −1 ) of A. marmelos, A. paniculata, A. scholaris and C. asiatica AgNPs and 5-FU.…”

Phytoextract-mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using aqueous leaves extract of Ipomoea pes-caprae (L).R.br revealing its biological properties and photocatalytic activity

“…The mortality data obtained in this study allowed us to estimate nanoparticle ability not only the reason as that of cytotoxic agent, but also in terms of the potential reduction in tumor growth. The cytotoxic effects of silver and ZnO NPs resulted due to the active phytochemicals (functional groups) interaction of metal atoms with intracellular proteins, as well as the nitrogen bases in DNA [54]. Recently, reports show that the IC 50 value of ZnO NPs was 62.5 lg/ mL against Vero cell lines [55,56].…”