Microwave photonic filtering scheme for BB84 Subcarrier Multiplexed Quantum Key Distribution

Mora, J.; Ruiz-Alba, A.; Amaya, Waldimar; García-Muñoz, Víctor; Martinez, A.; Capmany, J.

doi:10.1109/mwp.2010.5664176

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…As shown in Fig. 2, we employed a DWDM to deliver the quantum channels to the final users and, in addition, each user has a filtering stage to select and detect each one of the optical sidebands sent from Alice [11]. This filtering stage based on the cascade of Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) has an extinction ratio (ER) around 20 dB.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous transmission of 20x2 WDM/SCM-QKD and 4 bidirectional classical channels over a PON

Mora¹,

Amaya²,

Ruiz-Alba³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We report the transmission of 40 quantum-key channels using WDM/SCM-QKD technology and 4 bidirectional classical channels over a PON. To our knowledge the highest number of quantum key channels simultaneously transmitted that has ever been reported. The quantum signal coexists with classical reference channel which is employed to process the qbits, but it has enough low power to avoid Raman crosstalk and achieving a high number of WDM-QKD channels. The experimental results allow us to determine the minimum rejection ratio required by the filtering devices employed to select each quantum channel and maximize the quantum key rate. These results open the path towards high-count QKD channel transmission over optical fiber infrastructures. Sasaki, and A. Tajima, "A high-speed wavelength-division multiplexing quantum key distribution system," Opt. Lett. 37(2), 223-225 (2012). 6. J. Mora, A. Ruiz-Alba, W. Amaya, A. Martínez, V. García-Muñoz, D. Calvo, and J. Capmany, "Experimental demonstration of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution system," Opt. Lett. 37(11), 2031-2033 (2012). 7. P. Townsend, "Simultaneous quantum cryptographic key distribution and conventional data transmission over installed fibre using wavelength-division multiplexing," Electron. Lett. 33(3), 188-190 (1997) ©2012 Optical Society of America

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous transmission of 20x2 WDM/SCM-QKD and 4 bidirectional classical channels over a PON

Mora¹,

Amaya²,

Ruiz-Alba³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

Self Cite

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“…Note that independent key distribution using a tightly spectral separation (5 GHz) according to both electrical subcarriers is thus demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge [20]. Indeed, the spectral filtering stage was designed to reduce the crosstalk due to adjacent subcarriers and intermodulation products (located outside of the sidebands) below 23 dB in respect to signal photon probability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental demonstration of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution system

et al. 2012

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We provide, to our knowledge, the first experimental demonstration of the feasibility of sending several parallel keys by exploiting the technique of subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) widely employed in microwave photonics. This approach brings several advantages such as high spectral efficiency compatible with the actual secure key rates, the sharing of the optical fainted pulse by all the quantum multiplexed channels reducing the system complexity, and the possibility of upgrading with wavelength division multiplexing in a two-tier scheme, to increase the number of parallel keys. Two independent quantum SCM channels featuring a sifted key rate of 10 Kb∕s∕channel over a link with quantum bit error rate <2% is reported. , we theoretically proposed the distribution of more than one key per wavelength by means of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution (SCM-QKD) [17]. Here, we experimentally demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, the feasibility of the SCM-QKD approach to achieve the simultaneous distribution of two parallel keys by using frequency channels very closely packed in the optical spectrum.The operation principle of SCM-QKD can be explained referring to Fig. 1, which shows a scheme of the experimental setup assembled to demonstrate the feasibility of the SCM-QKD approach by multiplexing different independent keys. Four main blocks can be distinguished, which correspond to the quantum transmitter (Alice), the quantum receiver (Bob), both interconnected by an 11 Km access network link [10 Km single-mode fiber (SMF28e) followed by 1 Km dispersion compensating fiber (DCF)], the classical reference channel, and the overall electronic control system.In the experiment, Alice's transmitter produced weak coherent-state pulses by strong attenuation of a laser source previously pulsed using a time gating electronic signal to drive a 20 dB extinction ratio electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator. The output pulses had 1.3 ns FWHM and a repetition rate of 1 MHz. The nominal 3 dB laser linewidth was 10 MHz and the emission wavelength was 1557.30 nm. Quantum states to encode the binary secret keys were prepared at Alice's location by amplitude modulating the faint laser pulses using a 20 GHz bandwidth external electro-optic modulator (AM), biased at quadrature. We employed two RF subcarriers (f RF1 10 and f RF2 15 GHz), generated by independent voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). The laser source radiation was externally modulated by the RF subcarriers.For parallel key distribution, each RF subcarrier transmits a different key, which is generated by randomly phase modulating the output of each VCO among four Fig. 1. (Color online) Experimental SCM-QKD system to distribute different keys in parallel: AM, amplitude modulator; PM, phase modulator; VCOs, voltage controlled oscillators; Att 1∕2A∕B , electrical attenuators; CWDM, coarse wavelength division mux/demux; EDFA, erbium doped fiber amplifier; RFA, RF amplifier; SPAD, single photon avalanche detector; and Φ 1∕2A∕B , RF phase shifters.

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“…The main difference lies in the fact that in the QKD-CMC systems, the quantum signal is not generated directly by the source but is carried to side frequencies as a result of phase, amplitude modulation, or a combination of these. In the latter works, to each state of the photons, instead of the amplitude or phase of the modulating signal at a certain frequency, one or more lateral component frequencies either photon optical carrier [9,10] are put into line. We in [11][12][13] present a universal system capable of realizing all the mentioned types of modulation transformation and the new one based on tandem amplitude modulation and phase commutation with partially or full suppressed carrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring in Synchronization Channel of Quantum Key Distribution Systems with Carrier Modulation Coding

Morozov¹

2019

Quantum Cryptography in Advanced Networks

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Microwave photonic filtering scheme for BB84 Subcarrier Multiplexed Quantum Key Distribution

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Simultaneous transmission of 20x2 WDM/SCM-QKD and 4 bidirectional classical channels over a PON

Simultaneous transmission of 20x2 WDM/SCM-QKD and 4 bidirectional classical channels over a PON

Experimental demonstration of subcarrier multiplexed quantum key distribution system

Introductory Chapter: Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring in Synchronization Channel of Quantum Key Distribution Systems with Carrier Modulation Coding

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