Microwave reduction of graphene oxide

Jakhar, Rishika; Yap, Jeaniffer E.; Joshi, Rakesh

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2020.08.034

Cited by 115 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…This renders the reaction cost-effective and simple to conduct [59]. Jakhar et al (2020) suggested in their review that the microwave-thermal annealing method provides a superior exfoliation of GO than MWA-HTC [60]. Another study recently presented a two-step preparation of N-and B-doped C-composites prepared from fir bark with ammonium tetraborate (NH 4 B 4 O 7 ) as the dopant source.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization Of Biomass and Other Sustainable Carbon Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis of Advanced Carbon Materials in Multidimensional Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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The adoption of green technology is very important to protect the environment and thus there is a need for improving the existing methods for the fabrication of carbon materials. As such, this work proposes to discuss, interrogate, and propose viable hydrothermal, solvothermal, and other advanced carbon materials synthesis methods. The synthesis approaches for advanced carbon materials to be interrogated will include the synthesis of carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, nitrogen/titania-doped carbons, graphene quantum dots, and their nanocomposites with solid/polymeric/metal oxide supports. This will be performed with a particular focus on microwave-assisted solvothermal and hydrothermal synthesis due to their favourable properties such as rapidity, low cost, and being green/environmentally friendly. These methods are regarded as important for the current and future synthesis and modification of advanced carbon materials for application in energy, gas separation, sensing, and water treatment. Simultaneously, the work will take cognisance of methods reducing the fabrication costs and environmental impact while enhancing the properties as a direct result of the synthesis methods. As a direct result, the expectation is to impart a significant contribution to the scientific body of work regarding the improvement of the said fabrication methods.

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Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization Of Biomass and Other Sustainable Carbon Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis of Advanced Carbon Materials in Multidimensional Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…2000°C to occur [48]. Jakhar et al (2020) suggested in his review that the microwave-thermal annealing method provides superior exfoliation of GO than MWA HTC [49].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization Of Biomass and Other Sustainable Carbon Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the reaction takes place at ambient conditions and results in a product possessing high electrical conductivities due to the high purity of the N-G prepared [5]. However, further developments have recently shown that the use of susceptors (supports possessing higher microwave conductivities than the sample material) can significantly enhance the exfoliation as compared to the above studies [49]. However, at this point in science, the superiority of MWA reduction and annealing of GO seems to largely apply to the exfoliation and inclusion of heteroatoms into the aromatic structure of graphenes.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonization Of Biomass and Other Sustainable Carbon Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthetic Approaches for Advanced Carbon Materials in Multidimensional Applications: A Review

Ndlwana¹,

Raleie²,

Dimpe³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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There is great importance and need of improving existing carbon materials fabrication methods. As such, this work proposes to discuss, interrogate, and propose viable hydrothermal, solvothermal, and other advanced carbon materials synthetic methods. The advanced carbon materials to be interrogated will include the synthesis of carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, nitrogen/titania-doped carbons, graphene quantum dots, and their nanocomposites with solid/polymeric/metal oxide supports. This will be done with special mind to microwave-assisted solvothermal and hydrothermal synthesis due to their favourable properties such as rapidity, low cost, and green/environmentally-friendliness. Thus, these methods are important during the current and future synthesis and modification of advanced carbon materials for application in energy, gas separation, sensing, and water treatment. Simultaneously, the work will pay special cognizance to methods reducing the fabrication costs and environmental impact while enhancing the properties as a direct result of the synthesis methods. As a direct result, the expectation is to impart a significant contribution to the scientific body of work regarding the improvement of the said fabrication methods.

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“…Fortunately, these detrimental functional groups may be eliminated by a variety of reduction processes that finally yields rGO, a highly conductive material akin to graphene. A few commonly used routes to achieve this transformation are through reduction via chemical means [19][20][21][22][23], thermal reduction under vacuum [17,[24][25][26] or other atmospheres [27][28][29], joule heating assisted reduction [30][31][32], reduction using microwave radiation [33][34][35][36] and by employing a few other novel methods [37][38][39][40]. A recent review article [41] can be referred to by the reader for a comparative study on the various scalable routes to synthesize rGO.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of the temperature-dependent correlations present in the structural, morphological and electrical properties of thermally reduced free-standing graphene oxide papers

et al. 2021

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We report on a corroborative study of the structural, morphological and electrical property alterations of free-standing graphene oxide (GO) papers subject to thermal reduction. Structural analysis performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman techniques prove that the onset of major structural changes, characterized by removal of oxygen functionalities, occur in the 200–300 °C temperature range. The results are corroborated with related morphological changes observed using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Elemental analysis shows the GO paper reduced at 600 °C to contain an 85 wt. % carbon content and a remnant oxygen level of 13.31 wt. %. At the highest reduction temperatures, we see evidence of vacancy-type defects impeding the overall effectiveness of the reduction process. Detailed electrical resistance measurements and current–voltage (I-V) profiling conducted using four-point probe method reveals a several orders of magnitude drop in the sample resistance once the reduction temperature exceeds 200 °C, in good agreement with the structural and morphological changes. The fundamental insights revealed through these studies will be important for future applications where the electrical and mechanical properties of free-standing GO and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are exploited in practical devices. Graphical abstract

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Microwave reduction of graphene oxide

Cited by 115 publications

References 125 publications

Sustainable Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis of Advanced Carbon Materials in Multidimensional Applications: A Review

Sustainable Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis of Advanced Carbon Materials in Multidimensional Applications: A Review

Sustainable Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthetic Approaches for Advanced Carbon Materials in Multidimensional Applications: A Review

Exploration of the temperature-dependent correlations present in the structural, morphological and electrical properties of thermally reduced free-standing graphene oxide papers

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