Microwave synthesis of fluorescent and luminescent dyes (1990–2017)

Elgemeie, Galal H.; Mohamed, Reham A.

doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.101

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Generally, the most organic reactions have been heated by traditional heating equipment which are rather slow, and local overheating can lead to decomposition of product reagent or substrate. In contrast, accelerations by MW and US have been observed for a wide range of organic reactions offering a lot of advantages connected to safety, enhancement in reactivity and selectivity, cost saving, and energy and pollution prevention [25,26,27,28]. According to this new strategy, a mixture of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane and halide derivative in the 1:2 molar ratio, in the presence of 0.5 equivalents of anhydrous acetonitrile was subjected to both MW and US irradiation (Scheme 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Accelerated Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Seed Germination Test of Quaternary Ammonium Salts of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane

et al. 2019

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A family of fifteen quaternary ammonium salts (QAs), bearing the 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane core, were obtained using for the first time two different green methods, such as microwave (MW) and ultrasounds (US) irradiation, with very good yields and in much shorter times compared to the classical method, and an assay on their antimicrobial action against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was carried out. While 12 to 24 hours were required for complete alkylation of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane by reactive halogenated derivatives in anhydrous solvent under reflux conditions, MW and US irradiation reduced the reaction time and the desired products were achieved in a few min. One of the aims of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the synthesized QAs against pathogenic bacteria, along with their impact on germination activity of wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.). The antibacterial activity of the QAs against Escherichia coli was explored by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC values varied from 0.312 to 2.5 mg/mL, highlighting the lowest values attained for the derivatives containing methoxy, chlorine and benzofurane functional groups. The viability of aerobic bacteria was determined with the Tetrazolium/Formazan Test, a method that was found to be the best alternative approach with respect to the difuzimetric method. Seeds of Triticum aestivum L. were used for the evaluation of the germination indicators, such as seed germination (SG), the relative seed germination (RSG), the relative radicle growth (RRG), and the seed germination index (GI). The toxicity studies of QAs 1, 4 and 7, at two different concentrations, showed no inhibitory effect on seed germination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Accelerated Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Seed Germination Test of Quaternary Ammonium Salts of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane

et al. 2019

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“…Therefore, we decided to improve the originally used method, testing microwave-assisted chemistry. The microwave technique offers a lot of advantages, it is fast, the reactions are clean, simpler, efficient and economic [28,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Microwave Synthesis of Carbazole Aldehydes for the Development of DNA-Binding Ligands

Głuszyńska

Juskowiak

2019

Molecules

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Microwave formylation of carbazole derivatives was investigated and 3-monoaldehydes were obtained in high yield. A potential DNA-binding ligand, 3-[(3-ethyl)-2-vinylbenzothiazolium]-9-N-ethyl carbazole iodide, was synthesized and characterized including spectral properties (UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra). The binding selectivity and affinity of three carbazole ligands for double-stranded and G-quadruplex DNA structures were studied using a competitive dialysis method in sodium- and potassium-containing buffer solutions.

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“…Several studies have reported the synthesis of symmetrical heptamethine cyanine dyes, as shown in Scheme 1 [26,27] . For instance, Shershov et al [28] .…”

Section: Synthesis Of Heptamethine Cyanine Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have reported the synthesis of symmetrical heptamethine cyanine dyes, as shown in Scheme 1. [26,27] For instance, Shershov et al [28] reacted quaternarized indole 8 a-c with polymethine chain 9 in a reaction medium composed of acetic acid and acetic anhydride, an acylating agent, to obtain compounds 10 a-c in situ. Subsequently, AcOK was added as a base, and the temperature was reduced to 80 °C for 5 h to afford cyanine dyes 11 a-c (53-61%).…”

Section: Symmetrical Heptamethine Cyanine Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐Infrared Fluorophores Based on Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes: From Their Synthesis and Photophysical Properties to Recent Optical Sensing and Bioimaging Applications

et al. 2022

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This review summarizes diverse synthetic methodologies to prepare a wide range of heptamethine cyanine dyes, including symmetrical, unsymmetrical, and meso‐substituted derivatives, and their photophysical properties and uses. Their sensing applications are also discussed, considering the nature of their electronic structures and photophysical properties. The optical sensing applications of these compounds can be potentially expanded via structural modification, broadening their absorption amplitude and spectral emission range from the ultraviolet to near‐infrared (NIR) region. In this review, several recent practical applications of the heptamethine cyanine dyes for ion and small molecule sensing, as well as bioimaging, are covered and discussed.

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Microwave synthesis of fluorescent and luminescent dyes (1990–2017)

Cited by 28 publications

References 140 publications

Green Accelerated Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Seed Germination Test of Quaternary Ammonium Salts of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane

Green Accelerated Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Seed Germination Test of Quaternary Ammonium Salts of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane

Practical Microwave Synthesis of Carbazole Aldehydes for the Development of DNA-Binding Ligands

Near‐Infrared Fluorophores Based on Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes: From Their Synthesis and Photophysical Properties to Recent Optical Sensing and Bioimaging Applications

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