Microwave-to-optical conversion via four-wave mixing in a cold ytterbium ensemble

Covey, Jacob P.; Sipahigil, Alp; Saffman, M.

doi:10.1103/physreva.100.012307

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Thus, there is no collective enhancement of the microwave transition in the single-photon regime. Reference [51] provides a detailed analysis of this effect, and proposes a compromise between coupling strength and distance from surfaces. Note, however, that a collective enhancement could be engineered in a resonant, pulsed regime [52].…”

Section: A Ensemble Of Trapped Neutral Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on quantum transduction

Lauk

Sinclair

Barzanjeh

et al. 2020

Quantum Sci. Technol.

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253

157

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Quantum transduction, the process of converting quantum signals from one form of energy to another, is an important area of quantum science and technology. The present perspective article reviews quantum transduction between microwave and optical photons, an area that has recently seen a lot of activity and progress because of its relevance for connecting superconducting quantum processors over long distances, among other applications. Our review covers the leading approaches to achieving such transduction, with an emphasis on those based on atomic ensembles, opto-electromechanics, and electro-optics. We briefly discuss relevant metrics from the point of view of different applications, as well as challenges for the future.

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Section: A Ensemble Of Trapped Neutral Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on quantum transduction

Lauk

Sinclair

Barzanjeh

et al. 2020

Quantum Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

253

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ensembles of cold trapped Rydberg atoms also exhibit a useful level structure, large dipole moments, and a giant electro‐optic effect, allowing microwave‐to‐optical conversion . Specific proposals have been made for caesium, rubidium, (Figure c,d) and ytterbium gases to be used, with several pumps coupling multiple transitions allowing an appropriate signal and output wavelength to be selected. Collective states in a gas of Rb have been strongly coupled to superconducting transmission line cavities and up‐conversion was first demonstrated using Rydberg states in Rb.…”

Section: Experimental Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Conversion Between Microwave and Optical Photons—An Overview of Physical Implementations

et al. 2019

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Quantum information technology based on solid state qubits has created much interest in converting quantum states from the microwave to the optical domain. Optical photons, unlike microwave photons, can be transmitted by fiber, making them suitable for long distance quantum communication. Moreover, the optical domain offers access to a large set of very well‐developed quantum optical tools, such as highly efficient single‐photon detectors and long‐lived quantum memories. For a high fidelity microwave to optical transducer, efficient conversion at single photon level and low added noise is needed. Currently, the most promising approaches to build such systems are based on second‐order nonlinear phenomena such as optomechanical and electro‐optic interactions. Alternative approaches, although not yet as efficient, include magneto‐optical coupling and schemes based on isolated quantum systems like atoms, ions, or quantum dots. Herein, the necessary theoretical foundations for the most important microwave‐to‐optical conversion experiments are provided, their implementations are described, and the current limitations and future prospects are discussed.

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“…Recently higher bandwidth, lower efficiency upconversion using superconducting qubits as the source of the microwave photons has been reported using nanomechanical resonators [12][13][14]. Electro-optic approaches [15,16] and atomic systems [17][18][19][20][21] as well as color centers in crystals [22] are also actively being pursued.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing strong coupling between a microwave cavity and a spin ensemble with Raman heterodyne spectroscopy

King

Barnett²,

Bartholomew³

et al. 2021

Phys. Rev. B

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Raman heterodyne spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the energy and dynamics of spins. The technique uses an optical pump to transfer coherence from a spin transition to an optical transition where the coherent emission is more easily detected. Here Raman heterodyne spectroscopy is used to probe an isotopically purified ensemble of erbium dopants in a yttrium orthosilicate (Y 2 SiO 5 ) crystal coupled to a microwave cavity. Because the erbium electron spin transition is strongly coupled to the microwave cavity, we observed Raman heterodyne signals at the resonant frequencies of the hybrid spin-cavity modes (polaritons) rather than the bare erbium spin-transition frequency. Using the coupled system, we made saturation recovery measurements of the ground-state spin relaxation time T 1 = 10 ± 3 s and also observed Raman heterodyne signals using an excited state spin transition. We discuss the implications of these results for efforts toward converting microwave quantum states to optical quantum states.

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Microwave-to-optical conversion via four-wave mixing in a cold ytterbium ensemble

Cited by 55 publications

References 62 publications

Perspectives on quantum transduction

Perspectives on quantum transduction

Coherent Conversion Between Microwave and Optical Photons—An Overview of Physical Implementations

Probing strong coupling between a microwave cavity and a spin ensemble with Raman heterodyne spectroscopy

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