Microwave tomographic inversion technique based on stochastic approach for rainfall fields monitoring

Giuli, Dino; Facheris, Luca; Tanelli, Simone

doi:10.1109/36.789649

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The background error covariance matrix B, such as c f kx 2 mk 2 5 kxk B 21 , is given by B 21 5 åBk, where k represents one of the points of the discretized domain [one of the (i, j) points]. Then, as described in Giuli et al (1991), the value of the matrix B k at grid point (i, j) (written b k ij ) is given by…”

Section: ) Cost Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in this study, as we work with very brief, highly variable events, the assumption is made that no background field is available. Moreover, a filter term J f is added to the cost function in order to provide a certain degree of correlation between neighboring pixels, similarly to the approach of Giuli et al (1991), that thus smooths the rainfall fields. This filter term is assumed to have the value 0 for a constant field.…”

Section: ) Cost Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies make use of both simulated data (Giuli et al 1991(Giuli et al , 1999, with a predefined chosen geometry, and real data (Overeem et al 2013;Zinevich et al 2009) provided by cellular communication networks. The reconstruction of rainfall fields from microwave attenuation data employs various techniques, such as tomography (Giuli et al 1991;Zinevich et al 2008) and ordinary kriging (Overeem et al 2013). Zinevich et al (2009) first uses a data assimilation technique (extended Kalman filter) based on a rainfall advection model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Finescale Rainfall Fields Using Broadcast TV Satellite Links and a 4DVAR Assimilation Method

Mercier

Barthès

Mallet

2015

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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This study proposes a method based on the use of a set of commercial satellite-to-Earth microwave links to rebuild finescale rainfall fields. Such microwave links exist all over the world and can be used to estimate the integrated rain attenuation over the links' first 5-7 km with a very high temporal resolution (10 s in the present case). The retrieval algorithm makes use of a four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) method involving a numerical advection scheme. The advection velocity is recovered from the observations or from radar rainfall fields at successive time steps.This technique has been successively applied to simulated 2D rain maps and to real data recorded in the autumn of 2013 during the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX), with one sensor receiving microwave signals from four different satellites. The performance of this system is assessed and is compared to an operational Météo-France radar and a network of 10 rain gauges. Because of the limitations of the propagation model, this study is limited to the events with strong advective characteristics (four out of eight recorded events). For these events (only), the method produces rainfall fields that are highly correlated with the radar maps at spatial resolutions greater than 2 3 2 km 2 . The point-scale results are also satisfactory for temporal resolutions greater than 10 min (mean correlation with rain gauge data equal to approximately 0.8, similar to the correlation between radar and rain gauge data).This method can also be adapted to the fusion of a rain gauge with microwave link measurements and, through the use of several sensors, it has the potential of being applied to larger areas.

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Section: ) Cost Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Cost Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estimation of Finescale Rainfall Fields Using Broadcast TV Satellite Links and a 4DVAR Assimilation Method

Mercier

Barthès

Mallet

2015

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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“…An example is shown in the right-hand panel of Figure 11. This technique, which is based on prior work and has been demonstrated in a number of previous efforts using laser absorption spectroscopy and microwave attenuation to construct two-dimensional fields of CO 2 concentrations [33] and rain rate [34][35][36] over defined areas of interest, models the field of interest as a limited set of base functions whose integrated intensities along the sampling paths best matches the observed values for a given set of best-fit criteria, e.g., mean-squared error. The resulting estimate from a prototype implementation of this approach is illustrated in the right-hand panel of Figure 11.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Laser Based Approach for Measuring Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases

et al. 2013

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Abstract:In 2012, we developed a proof-of-concept system for a new open-path laser absorption spectrometer concept for measuring atmospheric CO 2 . The measurement approach utilizes high-reliability all-fiber-based, continuous-wave laser technology, along with a unique all-digital lock-in amplifier method that, together, enables simultaneous transmission and reception of multiple fixed wavelengths of light. This new technique, which utilizes very little transmitted energy relative to conventional lidar systems, provides high signal-to-noise (SNR) measurements, even in the presence of a large background signal. This proof-of-concept system, tested in both a laboratory environment and a limited number of field experiments over path lengths of 680 m and 1,600 m, demonstrated SNR values >1,000 for received signals of ~18 picoWatts averaged over 60 s. A SNR of 1,000 is equivalent to a measurement precision of ±0.001 or ~0.4 ppmv. The measurement method is expected to provide new capability for automated monitoring of greenhouse gas at fixed sites, such as carbon sequestration facilities, volcanoes, the short-and long-term assessment of urban plumes, and other similar applications. In addition, this concept enables active measurements of column amounts from a geosynchronous orbit for a network of ground-based receivers/stations that would complement other current and planned space-based measurement capabilities.

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“…Equation (1), which become linear (b = 1) for a certain choice of signal parameters, first suggested in Reference [3]. This raised the idea to use microwave links (MLs) for rainfall measurements in the early 90s [4][5][6], and it was experimentally tested in a multinational European project [7]. However, as the installation of dedicated MLs is costly, in combination with their limited coverage and questionable accuracy, this idea has not spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capitalizing on Cellular Technology—Opportunities and Challenges for Near Ground Weather Monitoring

Messer

2018

Environments

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Abstract:The use of existing measurements from a commercial wireless communication system as virtual sensors for environmental monitoring has recently gained increasing attention. In particular, measurements of the signal level of commercial microwave links (CMLs) used in the backhaul communication network of cellular systems are considered as opportunistic sensors for precipitation monitoring. Research results have demonstrated the feasibility of the suggested technique for the estimating and mapping of rain, as well as for monitoring other-than-rain phenomena. However, further advancement toward implementation and commercial use are heavily dependent on multidisciplinary collaborations: Communication and network engineers are needed to enable access to the existing measurements; signal processing experts can utilize the different data for improving the accuracy and the tempo-spatial resolution of the estimates; atmospheric scientists are responsible for the physical modeling; hydrologists, meteorologists, and others can contribute to the end uses; economists can indicate the potential benefits; etc. In this paper I will review state-of-the-art results and the open challenges, demonstrating the benefit to the public good from utilizing the opportunistic-sensing approach. I will also analyze the various obstacles on the way there.

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Microwave tomographic inversion technique based on stochastic approach for rainfall fields monitoring

Cited by 58 publications

References 13 publications

Estimation of Finescale Rainfall Fields Using Broadcast TV Satellite Links and a 4DVAR Assimilation Method

Estimation of Finescale Rainfall Fields Using Broadcast TV Satellite Links and a 4DVAR Assimilation Method

A New Laser Based Approach for Measuring Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases

Capitalizing on Cellular Technology—Opportunities and Challenges for Near Ground Weather Monitoring

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