Microwave treated activated carbon from industrial waste lignin for endosulfan adsorption

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Disposal of large amounts of recurring industrial waste lignin is a big problem for the paper industries and there is need for a rational alternative to utilize this waste lignin. Thus highly porous activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from lignin using H 3 PO 4 as an activating chemical with and without microwave treatment in a self-generated environment at 600• C and the influence of different types of impregnation on the adsorption-desorption capacities of endosulfan from a liquid phase was studied.

Preparation and characterization of raw and carbon from banana peel by microwave activation: Application in citric acid adsorption

“…Proper ventilation was provided on the microwave oven to allow for the release of volatiles/gases produced during charring. A similar experimental setup for carbonization was previously reported [32]. The bio char obtained was washed with distilled water to remove tar and other soluble materials, dried until constant weight was achieved.…”

Removal of indigo carmine from aqueous solution by microwave-treated activated carbon from peanut shell

“…In this study, AC was prepared from PS using H 3 PO 4 as an activating agent with microwave treatment. Microwave radiation supplies energy to the carbon skeleton at the molecular level [20,21]. In this study, the effect of initial concentration, time, pH, and temperature on the adsorption of IC onto AC from aqueous solution was systematically studied.…”

Carbon dioxide capture using ammonium sulfate surface modified activated biomass carbon

“…Douglas fir sawdust pellets (Bear Mountain Forest Products Inc., Cascade Locks, OR, USA) were used as feedstock to produce AC by phosphoric acid activation [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and microwave pyrolysis [42][43][44][45][47][48][49]. Approximately 40 g of Douglas fir pellets (6 mm average diameter, 13 mm average length, 7 % moisture mass fraction) were soaked at room temperature (25 ˚C) in phosphoric acid solution (85 % mass fraction aq.…”

“…The temperature increased at an average rate of 16 K•min -1 for 20 min and was thereafter maintained at an average temperature of 450 ˚C [46,50,51] for 3 min [42,45]. The solid carbon product was rinsed with water to remove residual phosphoric acid and thereafter magnetically stirred in 100 mol•m -3 hydrochloric acid for 4 h to remove any metals in the form of ash clogging the pores of the carbon [52,53].…”

“…The objective of the present study was to prepare Douglas fir based AC and to determine the effect of ammonium sulfate salt as a novel surface modification agent on the carbon dioxide adsorption and selectivity of biomass based AC. AC was produced by phosphoric acid activation [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and microwave pyrolysis [42][43][44][45][47][48][49] of Douglas fir biomass. The carbon was modified with various amounts of ammonium sulfate using a low temperature heat treatment and the adsorption of carbon dioxide by each carbon was analyzed over several sampling times using a packed column setup and micro gas chromatograph (3000 Micro GC, INFICON Inc., USA).…”