MICS Transceivers: Regulatory Standards and Applications

Savci, Huseyin S.; Sula, A.; Wang, Z.; Dogan, N.S.; Arvas, E.

doi:10.1109/secon.2005.1423241

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Our ICD wirelessly communicates with the external programmer using the 175 kHz band, which is intended for short-range communications. Newer ICDs can communicate at both the 175 kHz frequency and in the 402-405 MHz Medical Implant Communications (MICS) band [26], the latter intended for longer-range communications. One motivation for incorporating longer-range communications in new ICDs is that doing so provides greater flexibility in both clinical and home settings; for example, a patient's ICD could transmit data to an at-home monitor while the patient sleeps.…”

Section: A Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (Icds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: Software Radio Attacks and Zero-Power Defenses

Halperin

Heydt-Benjamin

Ransford

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (Sp 2008)

595

533

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Abstract-Our study analyzes the security and privacy properties of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Introduced to the U.S. market in 2003, this model of ICD includes pacemaker technology and is designed to communicate wirelessly with a nearby external programmer in the 175 kHz frequency range. After partially reverse-engineering the ICD's communications protocol with an oscilloscope and a software radio, we implemented several software radio-based attacks that could compromise patient safety and patient privacy. Motivated by our desire to improve patient safety, and mindful of conventional trade-offs between security and power consumption for resourceconstrained devices, we introduce three new zero-power defenses based on RF power harvesting. Two of these defenses are humancentric, bringing patients into the loop with respect to the security and privacy of their implantable medical devices (IMDs). Our contributions provide a scientific baseline for understanding the potential security and privacy risks of current and future IMDs, and introduce human-perceptible and zero-power mitigation techniques that address those risks. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first in our community to use general-purpose software radios to analyze and attack previously unknown radio communications protocols.

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Section: A Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (Icds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: Software Radio Attacks and Zero-Power Defenses

Halperin

Heydt-Benjamin

Ransford

et al. 2008

2008 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (Sp 2008)

595

533

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Since low sample rates can be used to digitize these signals, the transmitter can be 1 The maximum transmission power is 25 W effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP), defined as the product of radiated power and the antenna gain.…”

Section: A Exploiting the Unique Features Of Medical Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most devices capable of data transmission did so through inductive coupling, which requires physical contact with the base-station and only allows for low data rates [1]. In 1999, the FCC created the Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) band in the range of 402-405 MHz specifically for medical telemetry [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

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A 350 $\mu$W CMOS MSK Transmitter and 400 $\mu$W OOK Super-Regenerative Receiver for Medical Implant Communications

Bohorquez

Chandrakasan

Dawson

2009

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

213

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Recent advances in the medical field are spurring the need for ultra-low power transceivers for wireless communication with medical implants. To deal with the growing demand for medical telemetry, the FCC commissioned the Medical Implant Communications Services (MICS) standard in 1999 in the 402-405 MHz band. This paper presents a 350 W FSK/MSK direct modulation transmitter and a 400 W OOK super-regenerative receiver (SRR) specifically optimized for medical implant communications. The transceiver is implemented in 90 nm CMOS and digitally tunes 24 MHz in frequency steps smaller than 2 kHz. The transmitter meets MICS mask specifications with data rates up to 120 kb/s consuming only 2.9 nJ/bit; the receiver has a sensitivity better than 99 dBm with a data rate of 40 kb/s or 93 dBm with a data rate of 120 kb/s consuming 3.3 nJ/bit. A frequency correction loop incorporating the base-station is prototyped to eliminate the need for a frequency synthesizer in the implant while still achieving frequency stability of less than 3 ppm.

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“…Here, 403 MHz is the assigned frequency band for medical implantable communication systems (MICS)[2,3], 611 MHz is for wireless medical telemetry systems (WMTS) in the US[4], 953 MHz is dedicated for sensor networks in Japan, and 2450 MHz is the international ISM band. The SNRs required to achieve 90 %, 99 %, and 99.9 % CDF are displayed inFig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation of wireless communications through capsule endoscope

Takizawa

Aoyagi

Honda

et al. 2009

2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

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This paper presents a performance evaluation of wireless communications applicable into a capsule endoscope. A numerical model to describe the received signal strength (RSS) radiated from a capsule-sized signal generator is derived through measurements in which a liquid phantom that has equivalent electrical constants is used. By introducing this model and taking into account the characteristics of its direction pattern of the capsule and propagation distance between the implanted capsule and on-body antenna, a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the received SNR is evaluated. Then, simulation results related to the error ratio in the wireless channel are obtained. These results show that the frequencies of 611 MHz or lesser would be useful for the capsule endoscope applications from the view point of error rate performance. Further, we show that the use of antenna diversity brings additional gain to this application.

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MICS Transceivers: Regulatory Standards and Applications

Cited by 64 publications

References 2 publications

Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: Software Radio Attacks and Zero-Power Defenses

Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: Software Radio Attacks and Zero-Power Defenses

A 350 $\mu$W CMOS MSK Transmitter and 400 $\mu$W OOK Super-Regenerative Receiver for Medical Implant Communications

Performance evaluation of wireless communications through capsule endoscope

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