Mid-infrared spectroscopy for the rapid quantification of eucalyptus oil adulteration in Australian tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)

Johnson, Joel B.; Thani, Parbat Raj; Mani, Janice S.; Cozzolino, Daniel; Naiker, Mani

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2022.121766

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, the main volatiles of lavender and tea tree oil oleogels were linalool, linaly acetate and o-cymene, 4-terpineol, respectively. The similar results were reported by Chamblee et al (1991) for lemon peel, Guo and Wang (2020) for lavender, Johnson et al (2022) for eucalyptus and Kawakami et al (1990) for tea tree oils. When the OBC, hardness and melting point values investigated lemon peel oil oleogels had lower values than the other EO gels.…”

Section: Notesupporting

confidence: 87%

Determining the structure and stability of essential oil‐sunflower wax and beeswax oleogels

Çokay,

Öğütcü

2023

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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In this study, essential oil oleogels were produced using eucalyptus, lavender, lemon peel and tea tree oils with sunflower and beeswax. The physicochemical, thermal, textural, and structural features of the oleogels were determined. For the essential oils used, an addition level of less than 15% of beeswax (BW) was insufficient to form stable oleogels, whereas an addition level of 10% of sunflower wax (SW) was sufficient to form stable oleogels. The acid and peroxide values of the gels were higher than those of the oils. All of the oleogels exhibited peaks around 3.70 and 4.10, indicating the presence of β' polymorphic forms. The hardness and stickiness values of the oleogels were influenced by the type and level of wax addition, as well as the viscosity of the oil used. Based on the thermal analysis results, the oleogels based on beeswax exhibited lower melting properties compared to those based on sunflower wax. The thermogravimetric data indicated that the polymeric matrices formed by the waxes, which depended on the type and level of wax addition, affected the vaporization of the volatiles. In conclusion, oleogels represent a green and sustainable approach for reducing the loss of volatile or bioactive compounds from various essential oils, which are widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.

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Section: Notesupporting

confidence: 87%

Determining the structure and stability of essential oil‐sunflower wax and beeswax oleogels

Çokay,

Öğütcü

2023

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…A summary of all 114 peaks initially identified in the TTO library ( n = 88) and oxidized TTO samples ( n = 12) is provided in Supporting Information Table S6. The peaks were then further identified by comparison to analytical standards, mass spectra in the NIST 17.0 MS library, SpectraBase, and PubChem, published RI on both chiral β-cyclodextrin and nonpolar columns ,,− and also considering the concentration and frequency of detection in unoxidized and oxidized TTO (Supporting Information Table S7). Twenty-five peaks were matched to analytical standards, 28 peaks were identified using both mass spectra and RI data, 14 peaks were identified by either RI or mass spectra data, 31 peaks were not identified, and 7 peaks were not considered further due to the low frequency of detection above 0.01% (Supporting Information Table S6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on differences in the mass spectra measured on the chiral and HP-5MS columns, viridiflorol coeluted with rosifoliol (Supporting Information Table S6), and thus, the percentage abundance for viridiflorol is likely overestimated. Previous analysis of Australian commercial TTO found the relative abundance of rosifoliol to be about 50–56% of viridiflorol, suggesting that measured concentrations of viridiflorol in this study may be overestimated by about 50–60%. Overall, 20 peaks identifying the 15 ISO 4730:2017 constituents comprised between 84.5 and 89.8% of the TIC peak area (average 87.4 ± 1.0% 1SD).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Constituent identification was based on comparison of retention time to selected authentic standards (Supporting Information Table S1) and comparison of the spectra with mass spectral databases (NIST 17) using a probability-based matching algorithm. Additional identification was undertaken for TTO components previously reported, particularly considering relative retention indices (RIs) reported for chiral β-cyclodextrin and nonpolar columns. ,,− RIs were determined by comparing the retention time of identified components with the retention time of nearby n -alkanes in diesel fuel, using the generalized linear equation developed for temperature-programmed GC . In addition to measuring RI on the β-cyclodextrin column used in the reported e GC–MS method, RIs were also determined on a nonpolar HP-5MS column with the same parameters as the e GC–MS method except for a different He carrier gas flow (1.1 mL/min) and temperature program (Supporting Information Table S4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Approaches for Authentication of Commercial Terpinen-4-ol-type Tea Tree Oils Using Chiral GC/MS

Linge,

Cooper,

Downey

2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A global demand for tea tree oil (TTO) has resulted in increased adulteration in commercial products. In this study, we use a novel enantiomeric gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for chiral analysis of key terpenes ((±)-terpinen-4-ol, (±)-α-terpineol, and (±)-limonene) and quantification of components present at >0.01% to test different methods of identifying adulterated TTO. Data from authentic Australian (n = 88) and oxidized (n = 12) TTO samples of known provenance were consistent with recommended ranges in ISO 4730:2017 and previously published enantiomeric ratios, with p-cymene identified as the major marker of TTO oxidation. The 15 ISO 4730:2017 constituents comprised between 84.5 and 89.8% of the total ion chromatogram (TIC) peak area. An additional 53 peaks were detected in all samples (7.3−11.0% of TIC peak area), while an additional 43 peaks were detected in between 0 and 99% (0.15−2.0% of the TIC peak area). Analysis of nine commercial samples demonstrated that comparison to the ISO 4730:2017 standard does not always identify adulterated TTO samples. While statistical analysis of minor components in TTO did identify two commercial samples that differed from authentic TTO, the (+)-enantiomer percentages for limonene, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol provided clearer evidence that these samples were adulterated. Thus, straightforward identification of unadulterated and unoxidized TTO could be based on analysis of appropriate enantiomeric ratios and quantitation of the p-cymene percentage.

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“…Currently, to prevent this variability, the ISO has established limits for the proportions of volatile constituents that must be present in any product(s) marketed as the terpinen-4-ol chemotype of TTO. This norm also includes the enantiomeric ratio of terpinen-4-ol [ 36 , 51 ].…”

Section: Biological Properties Of Ttomentioning

confidence: 99%

Tea Tree Oil: Properties and the Therapeutic Approach to Acne—A Review

et al. 2023

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Acne vulgaris is an inflammatory dermatological pathology that affects mostly young people. However, it can also appear in adulthood, mainly in women. It has a high psychosocial impact, not only at the time of active lesions but also due to the consequences of lesions such as scarring and hyperpigmentation. Several factors are involved in the physiopathology of acne and the constant search for active ingredients is a reality, namely phytotherapeutic ingredients. Tea tree oil is an essential oil extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betch) Cheel with known antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a candidate for the treatment of acne. This review aims to describe the various properties of tea tree oil that make it a possible ingredient to use in the treatment of acne and to present several human studies that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of using tea tree oil in the treatment of acne. It can be concluded that tea tree oil has good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that result in a decrease in the number of inflammatory lesions, mainly papules, and pustules. However, given the diversity of study designs, it is not possible to draw concrete conclusions on the efficacy and safety of this oil in the treatment of acne.

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Mid-infrared spectroscopy for the rapid quantification of eucalyptus oil adulteration in Australian tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Determining the structure and stability of essential oil‐sunflower wax and beeswax oleogels

Determining the structure and stability of essential oil‐sunflower wax and beeswax oleogels

Comparison of Approaches for Authentication of Commercial Terpinen-4-ol-type Tea Tree Oils Using Chiral GC/MS

Tea Tree Oil: Properties and the Therapeutic Approach to Acne—A Review

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