Midcrustal Thrusting and Vertical Deformation Partitioning Constraint by 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol Zahab Earthquake in Zagros Mountain Belt, Iran

Yang, Yinghui; Hu, Jyr‐Ching; Yassaghi, Ali; Tsai, Mi-Ching; Zaré, Mehdi; Chen, Qiang; Wang, Ze‐Gen; Rajabi, Ali M.; Kamranzad, Farnaz

doi:10.1785/0220180022

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…New satellite constellations of SAR missions such as Cosmo-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X, and ALOS-2 can guarantee high-resolution SAR data for different applications. SAR interferometry (InSAR) is a powerful technique that uses the phase and amplitude information of at least two SAR images with the same geometry and characteristics to extract the displacement rate of earthquakes [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], ground subsidence [14][15][16][17][18], volcanic activity [27][28][29][30], mining activities [7,31], structures [32][33][34], and landslides [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. The technique enables us to overcome the challenges of conventional methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Displacement in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, Revealed by L-band and C-band InSAR Analyses

Karimzadeh

Matsuoka

2020

Sensors

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Iran, as a semi-arid and arid country, has a water challenge in the recent decades and underground water extraction has been increased because of improper developments in the agricultural sector. Thus, detection and measurement of ground subsidence in major plains is of great importance for hazard mitigation purposes. In this study, we carried out a time series small baseline subset (SBAS) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analysis of 15 L-band PALSAR-2 images acquired from ascending orbits of the ALOS-2 satellite between 2015 and 2020 to investigate long-term ground displacements in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. We found that two major parts of the study area (Tabriz and Shabestar plains) are subsiding, where the mean and maximum vertical subsidence rates are −10 and −98 mm/year, respectively. The results revealed that the visible subsidence patterns in the study area are associated with either anthropogenic activities (e.g., underground water usage) or presence of compressible soils along the Tabriz–Shabestar and Tabriz–Azarshahr railways. This implies that infrastructure such as railways and roads is vulnerable if progressive ground subsidence takes over the whole area. The SBAS results deduced from L-band PALSAR-2 data were validated with field observations and compared with C-band Sentinel-1 results for the same period. The C-band Sentinel-1 results showed good agreement with the L-band PALSAR-2 dataset, in which the mean and maximum vertical subsidence rates are −13 and −120 mm/year, respectively. For better visualization of the results, the SBAS InSAR velocity map was down-sampled and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on ~3600 randomly selected time series of the study area, and the results are presented by two principal components (PC1 and PC2).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Displacement in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, Revealed by L-band and C-band InSAR Analyses

Karimzadeh

Matsuoka

2020

Sensors

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“…We use a Bayesian framework to infer a population of coseismic slip models that fit available observations. While currently available studies were either limited to the static final distribution of slip on the fault (Barnhart et al, ; He et al, ; Vajedian et al, ; Wanpeng et al, ; Yang et al, ) or used far‐field teleseismic data (Chen et al, ; Nissen et al, ), we jointly invert interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and near‐field strong‐motion data which provide a better resolution (Anderson, ) to propose a kinematic description of the earthquake source. We use a layered velocity model that is routinely used to locate earthquakes by the Iranian Seismological Center, which ensures modeling is performed to the best of our knowledge (supporting information Table S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive Source of the 2017 M_W=7.3 Ezgeleh, Iran, Earthquake

Gombert

Duputel

Shabani

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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On 12 November 2017, a MW=7.3 earthquake struck near the Iranian town of Ezgeleh, at the Iran‐Iraq border. This event was located within the Zagros fold and thrust belt which delimits the continental collision between the Arabian and Eurasian Plates. Despite a high seismic risk, the seismogenic behavior of the complex network of active faults is not well documented in this area due to the long recurrence interval of large earthquakes. In this study, we jointly invert interferometric synthetic aperture radar and near‐field strong motions to infer a kinematic slip model of the rupture. The incorporation of these near‐field observations enables a fine resolution of the kinematic rupture process. It reveals an impulsive seismic source with a strong southward rupture directivity, consistent with significant damage south of the epicenter. We also show that the slip direction does not match plate convergence, implying that some of the accumulated strain must be partitioned onto other faults.

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“…Therefore, an oblique slip is expected on these structures. This can be evidenced by focal mechanisms of earthquakes, indicating active oblique thrusting (Figures 1 and 12a; Nissen et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2018), as well as by fault slip data (Figure 13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Late Pleistocene‐Holocene Slip Rates in the Northwestern Zagros Mountains (Kurdistan Region of Iraq) Derived From Luminescence Dating of River Terraces and Structural Modeling

Zebari

Preusser

Grützner³

et al. 2021

Tectonics

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A significant amount of the ongoing shortening between the Eurasian and Arabian plates is accommodated within the Zagros Fold‐Thrust Belt. However, the spatial and temporal distribution of active shortening within the belt, especially in its NW part, is not yet well constrained. We determined depositional ages of uplifted river terraces crossing the belt along the Greater Zab River using luminescence dating. Kinematic modeling of the fault‐related fold belt was then used to calculate long‐term slip rates during the Late Pleistocene to Holocene. Our results provide new insight into the rates of active faulting and folding in the area. The Zagros Mountain Front Fault accommodates about 1.46 ± 0.60 mm a−1 of slip, while a more external basement fault further to the SW accommodates less than 0.41 ± 0.16 mm a−1. Horizontal slip rates related to detachment folding of two anticlines within the Zagros Foothills are 0.40 ± 0.10 and 1.24 ± 0.36 mm a−1. Basement thrusting and thickening of the crust are restricted to the NE part of the Zagros belt. This is also reflected in the regional topography and in the distribution of uplifted terraces. In the southwestern part, the deformation is limited mainly to folding and thrusting of the sedimentary cover above a Triassic basal detachment. In the NE, deformation is associated with slip on basement thrusts. Our study sheds light on the distribution of shortening in the Zagros Mountains and helps to understand the regional tectonic system. Our results may be the foundation for a better seismic hazard assessment of the entire area.

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Midcrustal Thrusting and Vertical Deformation Partitioning Constraint by 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol Zahab Earthquake in Zagros Mountain Belt, Iran

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Ground Displacement in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, Revealed by L-band and C-band InSAR Analyses

Ground Displacement in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, Revealed by L-band and C-band InSAR Analyses

Impulsive Source of the 2017 M_W=7.3 Ezgeleh, Iran, Earthquake

Late Pleistocene‐Holocene Slip Rates in the Northwestern Zagros Mountains (Kurdistan Region of Iraq) Derived From Luminescence Dating of River Terraces and Structural Modeling

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Midcrustal Thrusting and Vertical Deformation Partitioning Constraint by 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol Zahab Earthquake in Zagros Mountain Belt, Iran

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Ground Displacement in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, Revealed by L-band and C-band InSAR Analyses

Ground Displacement in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, Revealed by L-band and C-band InSAR Analyses

Impulsive Source of the 2017 MW=7.3 Ezgeleh, Iran, Earthquake

Late Pleistocene‐Holocene Slip Rates in the Northwestern Zagros Mountains (Kurdistan Region of Iraq) Derived From Luminescence Dating of River Terraces and Structural Modeling

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Product

Resources

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Impulsive Source of the 2017 M_W=7.3 Ezgeleh, Iran, Earthquake