Middle category endorsement in odd-numbered Likert response scales: Associated item characteristics, cognitive demands, and preferred meanings

Kulas, John T.; Stachowski, Alicia

doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.005

Cited by 122 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Additionally, many studies question central values in response scales given that the verbal statement that acompanies the central number does not mean the individual considers they are in the middle of the continuum of the corresponding latent construct (Dalal et al 2014;González-Romá and Espejo 2003;Hernández et al Kulas et al 2008;Kulas and Stachowski 2009;Murray et al 2015;Onwuegbuzie and Weems 2004). Also, the probability of chosing a central value in the scale is much lower than chosing any other value even for people whose trait levels are central (González-Romá and Espejo 2003;Hernández et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spanish Validation of the Flourishing Scale in the General Population

2017

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Well-being research and its measurement have grown in the last two decades. The objective of this study was to adapt and validate the Flourishing Scale in a sample of Spanish adults. This was a cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic sample of 999 Spanish general adult population participants. The psychometric properties of the scale were analysed from an exploratory and confirmatory perspective. Exploratory factor analysis showed a one-factor solution explaining 42.3% of the variance; an internal consistency of .846; temporal reliability correlation of .749; convergent validity with the Satisfaction with Life Scale of .521 and criterion validity with positive and negative affect (PANAS), pessimism and optimism (LOT-R) ranging from .270 to .488. Confirmatory factor analysis testing the one-factor solution showed a χ 2 of 65.57 df = 20; CFI of .982, RMSEA of .06, average variance extracted index of .518 and composite reliability index of .841. Results showed that the Spanish version of the FS is a reliable and valid method for measuring high levels of well-being.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spanish Validation of the Flourishing Scale in the General Population

2017

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“…Then, the questionnaire of the first step was distributed among them. They were asked to set grades for risks as shown in Table 1 ( Kulas and Stachowski 2009). …”

Section: Delphi Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated Shannon's Entropy–TOPSIS methodology for environmental risk assessment of Helleh protected area in Iran

Jozi

Shafiee

MoradiMajd

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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This study aims to use integrated Shannon's Entropy-TOPSIS methodology for environmental risk assessment of the Helleh protected area in Iran. In this research, first, with regard to field visits, interview with natives of the area, and investigation of the environment of the study area, the risks existing in the region were identified. Then, for final identification of the risks, the Delphi method was applied. Analysis and prioritization of risks of the area of Helleh were performed by multi-criteria decision-making methods of Shannon's Entropy and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In this research, risks were assessed by three criteria of severity, probability of occurrence, and vulnerability. Twenty six of the risks were identified which were specified in two groups, natural events and environmental risks. The environmental ones were classified into four groups: physicochemical, biological, social-economic, and cultural. Results of the research showed that the construction of the Rayis-Ali-Delvari Dam at the upper part of the study area threatens the wetland. Water supply for the dam 75 km away from the area with concession of 0.9999 holds the first priority of risk-generating factors. Of the managerial workable solutions suggested controlling the risks, the stopping of the pumping of water from the wetland and observation of hunting season length and permissible type and number of hunting in the area can be mentioned.

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“…Because the middle response option does not always represent a neutral response, this can undermine the analysis of the latent trait and present false correlations, as well as provide a sort of "dumping ground" for when participants are uncertain of the item or their response (Kulas, Stachowski, & Haynes, 2008;Kulas & Stachowski, 2009). We gave one sample of participants the original 5-option survey and another sample a 6- Factor Structure of FFMQ Models fit to the standard 39-item dataset (D1-D3 combined, n = 725), showed that the correlated five-factor model with both positive and negative method effects provided the best fit to the data (see Table 1), consistent with prior work using a smaller subset of this sample (Van Dam et al 2012).…”

Section: Response Formattingmentioning

confidence: 99%