“…Measuring the efficiency of a country in the output of scientific papers with respect to econometric and demographic indicators such as the gross domestic product (GDP), research and development (R&D) expenditure, and number of researchers has been a topic of a large number of research papers (Blickenstaff and Moravcsik 1982, Leydesdorff and Gauthier 1996, Amsden and Mourshed 1997, May 1997, Rousseau and Rousseau 1998, De Moya-Anegón and Herrero-Solana 1999, King 2004, Man et al 2004, Falagas et al 2006, Ugolini et al 2007, Shelton 2008, Vinkler 2008, Leydesdorff and Wagner 2009, Basu 2014, Gul et al 2015. Such analyses help to understand the relation between the economic indicators and the volume of the innovative output for estimating a nations' scientific wealth, and for evaluating scientific policies (Crespi andGeuna 2008, Pouris 2012).…”