Midkine Gene (MDK), a Gene for Prenatal Differentiation and Neuroregulation, Maps to Band 11p11.2 by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization

Kaname, Tadashi; Kuwano, Atsutoshi; Murano, Ichiro; Uehara, Kazuyoshi; Muramatsu, Takashi; Kajii, Tadashi

doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1359

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The human MK gene, MDK , is located on chromosome 11 at p11.2 [32], while the mouse MK gene, Mdk, is on chromosome 2 [33]. MDK is flanked by the diacylglycerol kinase z gene and muscarinic cholinergic receptor 4 gene [21, 34] (Fig.…”

Section: General Properties Of Mkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midkine: A Promising Molecule for Drug Development to Treat Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Muramatsu

2011

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Midkine (MK) is a heparin-binding cytokine, and promotes growth, survival, migration and other activities of target cells. After describing the general properties of MK, this review focuses on MK and MK inhibitors as therapeutics for diseases in the central nervous system. MK is strongly expressed during embryogenesis especially at the midgestation period, but is expressed only at restricted sites in adults. MK expression is induced upon tissue injury such as ischemic brain damage. Since exogenously administered MK or the gene transfer of MK suppresses neuronal cell death in experimental systems, MK has the potential to treat cerebral infarction. MK might become important also in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. MK is involved in inflammatory diseases by enhancing migration of leukocytes, inducing chemokine production and suppressing regulatory T cells. Since an aptamer to MK suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalitis, MK inhibitors are promising for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. MK is overexpressed in most malignant tumors including glioblastoma, and is involved in tumor invasion. MK inhibitors may be of value in the treatment of glioblastoma. Furthermore, an oncolytic adenovirus, whose replication is under the control of the MK promoter, inhibits the growth of glioblastoma xenografts. MK inhibitors under development include antibodies, aptamers, glycosaminoglycans, peptides and low molecular weight compounds. siRNA and antisense oligoDNA have proved effective against malignant tumors and inflammatory diseases in experimental systems. Practical information concerning the development of MK and MK inhibitors as therapeutics is described in the final part of the review.

show abstract

Section: General Properties Of Mkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midkine: A Promising Molecule for Drug Development to Treat Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Muramatsu

2011

Current Pharmaceutical Design

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While the human MK gene (MDK) is located on chromosome 11, the mouse MK gene was identified on chromosome 2 [15, 16]. The coding sequence of the human and mouse MK gene consists of 4 exons.…”

Section: Gene and Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midkine in Inflammation

Weckbach

Muramatsu

Walzog

2011

The Scientific World JOURNAL

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 13 kDa heparin-binding growth factor midkine (MK) was originally identified as a molecule involved in the orchestration of embryonic development. Recent studies provided evidence for a new role of MK in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Accordingly, several inflammatory diseases including nephritis, arthritis, atherosclerosis, colitis, and autoimmune encephalitis have been shown to be alleviated in the absence of MK in animal models. Reduced leukocyte recruitment to the sites of inflammation was found to be one important mechanism attenuating chronic inflammation when MK was absent. Furthermore, MK was found to modulate expression of proinflammatory cytokines and the expansion of regulatory T-cells. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of MK in different inflammatory disorders and summarize the knowledge of MK biology.

show abstract

“…Mouse lymphocyte cultures and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were established following methods for human lymphocytes with slight modifications (Kaname et al, 1993). In brief, lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen of adult C57BL/6J male mice, and then cultured with 30 ml RPMI1640, 20% fetal bovine serum, 3 µg/ml concanavalin-A (type IV-S, Sigma), 10 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (Sigma), and 5 × 10 -5 M mercaptoethanol.…”

Section: Chromosomal Mapping Of the Mouse C6st Genementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 1.4 kbp C6ST cDNA fragment, mRT1 ( Figure 1C) was used as a probe. Both probe labeling procedure by biotin and in situ hybridization were as described (Kaname et al, 1993). Biotin was detected by binding with fluorescein isothiocyanatelabeled avidin with an Olympus AX70 and Olympus filter combination U-MWIB (excitation at 460-490 nm; Kaname et al, 1993).…”

Section: Chromosomal Mapping Of the Mouse C6st Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase: molecular cloning, characterization and chromosomal mapping

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase (C6ST) catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate to position 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine residue of chondroitin. Using chick C6ST cDNA as a probe, we cloned the cDNA of mouse C6ST. The mouse enzyme was predicted to be composed of 472 amino acids, and exhibited 71% sequence identity with the chicken enzyme. The mouse and chicken catalytic domains exposed to the luminal side exhibited 81% identity, while the homology of the remaining regions was less. Transfection and expression of the mouse cDNA in COS-7 cells yielded C6ST activity. Keratan sulfate sulfotransferase activity, which was simultaneously expressed, amounted to 3% of the C6ST activity, this value being significantly lower than that observed in the case of the chicken enzyme. Mouse C6ST mRNA was strongly expressed in the spleen, lung, and eye. In situ hybridization revealed that the transcript was localized in stromal cells in the marginal zone and red pulp of the spleen, and stromal cells in the bone marrow. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed the gene is located in mouse chromosome 9.

show abstract

Midkine Gene (MDK), a Gene for Prenatal Differentiation and Neuroregulation, Maps to Band 11p11.2 by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Midkine: A Promising Molecule for Drug Development to Treat Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Midkine: A Promising Molecule for Drug Development to Treat Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Midkine in Inflammation

Mouse chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase: molecular cloning, characterization and chromosomal mapping

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About