Midlatency auditory evoked potentials and the startle response in the rat

Miyazato, Hiroshi; Skinner, R.D.; Reese, N.B.; Mukawa, Jiro; García‐Rill, Edgar

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00176-5

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Several types of responses to strong acoustic stimulation can be recorded from the necks of animals: the startle neck reflex (with latency of 5–8 ms in rats) (35,36); the ABR; and the p1 peak of the middle-latency evoked potential (with 13-ms latency in rats) (36,37). In guinea pigs, sound-evoked potentials have been recorded in the vestibular nerve, and the vestibular nuclei latencies were 1 and 3 milliseconds, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Normal Mice and Phex Mice With Spontaneous Endolymphatic Hydrops

Sheykholeslami

Megerian²,

Zheng³

2009

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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Objective and Background-Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) have been recorded from the neck musculature and the cervical spinal cord in humans and a limited number of laboratory animals in response to loud sound. However, the mouse VEMP has yet to be described. Evaluation of the sacculocollic pathway via VEMPs in mice can set the stage for future evaluations of mutant mice that now play an important role in research regarding human auditory and vestibular dysfunction.Materials and Methods-Sound-evoked potentials were recorded from the neck extensor muscles and the cervical spinal cord in normal adult mice and in circling Phex Hyp-Duk/y mice with known vestibular abnormalities, including endolymphatic hydrops (ELH).Results-Biphasic potentials were recorded from all normal animals. The mean threshold of the VEMP response in normal adult mice was 60 dB normal hearing level with a mean peak latency of 6.25 ± 0.46 and 7.95 ± 0.42 milliseconds for p1 and n1 peaks, respectively. At the maximum sound intensity used (100 dB normal hearing level), 4 of 5 Phex mice did not exhibit VEMP responses, and 1 showed an elevated threshold, but normal response, with regard to peak latency and amplitude. The histologic findings in all of these Phex mice were consistent with distended membranous labyrinth, displaced Reissner membrane, ganglion cell loss, and ELH.Conclusion-This is the first report of VEMP recordings in mice and the first report of abnormal VEMPs in a mouse model with ELH. The characteristics of these potentials such as higher response threshold in comparison to auditory brainstem response, myogenic nature of the response, and latency correlation with the cervical recording (accessory nerve nucleus) were similar to those of VEMPs in humans, guinea pigs, cats, and rats, suggesting that the mouse may be used as an animal model in the study of VEMPs. The simplicity and reliability of these recordings make the VEMP a uniquely informative test for assessing vestibular function, and these results suggest that they may be informative in mice with various mutations. However, further investigation is necessary. Keywords Endolymphatic hydrops; Mouse; Vestibular evoked myogenic potentialIn nonmammals such as fish, the saccule has been found to be sensitive not only to linear acceleration but also to auditory stimuli (1). Vestibular sensitivity to sound has also been reported in deaf mice (2), squirrel monkeys (3), guinea pigs (4), and cats (5,6). Recently, shortlatency p13-n23 potentials from the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) Although the mouse is the most commonly used animal model in biomedical research, the mouse VEMP has not been studied. Evaluating the sacculocollic pathway via VEMPs in normal mice can set the stage for future evaluations of mutant mice with vestibular and auditory dysfunction.Phex, a phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome, is mutated in X-linked hypophosphatemia in humans and mice. Mice carrying the Phex mutation in a particular background e...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Normal Mice and Phex Mice With Spontaneous Endolymphatic Hydrops

Sheykholeslami

Megerian²,

Zheng³

2009

Otology &Amp; Neurotology

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“…Such a condition implies that a release of neurons responsible for modulating the startle response [Miyazato et al, 1996], for generating PGO waves, for inducing cortical desynchronization and for mediating the REM sleep state [Steriade and McCarley, 1990], could be contributing to some of the symptoms of PTSD [Garcia-Rill, 1991;Reese et al, 1995]. In addition, PPN disinhibition/overactivity could reasonably be expected to underlie at least some symptoms characteristric of PTSD, i.e.…”

Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reduced sensory gating of the P1 potential in rape victims and combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Skinner

Fitzgerald

et al. 1999

Depress. Anxiety

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“…This does not exclude the possibility that this component is a¤ected by other neurotransmitter systems. For example, Miyazato et al (1996) have proposed that the P13 could be mediated by the cholinergic part of the reticular activating system.…”

Section: Gating Of Components Of the Aep And The E¤ects Of D-amphetammentioning

confidence: 98%

Differential effects of ketamine on gating of auditory evoked potentials and prepulse inhibition in rats

Bruin¹,

Ellenbroek

Cools

et al. 1999

Psychopharmacology

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Schizophrenic patients suffer from deficits in information processing. Patients show both a decrease in P50 gating [assessed in the conditioning-testing (C-T) paradigm] and prepulse inhibition (PPI), two paradigms that assess gating. These two paradigms might have a related underlying neural substrate. Gating, as measured in both the C-T paradigm (the gating of a component of the auditory evoked potential (AEP)], and PPI can easily be measured in animals as well as in humans. This offers the opportunity to model these information processing paradigms in animals in order to investigate the effects of neurotransmitter manipulations in the brain. In order to validate the animal model for disturbances in AEP gating, d-amphetamine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered. Gating of an AEP component was changed due to injection of d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg) in the same way as seen in schizophrenic patients: both the amplitude to the conditioning click and the gating were significantly reduced. Next, the effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine (2.5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) was investigated to assess its effects in the two gating paradigms. It was found that ketamine (10 mg/kg) did not affect gating as measured with components of the AEP. However, ketamine (10 mg/kg) disrupted PPI of the startle response to the extent that prepulse facilitation occurred. Firstly, it is concluded that AEP gating was disrupted by d-amphetamine and not by ketamine. Secondly, PPI and the C-T paradigm reflect distinct inhibitory sensory processes, since both paradigms are differentially influenced by ketamine.

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Midlatency auditory evoked potentials and the startle response in the rat

Cited by 41 publications

References 32 publications

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Normal Mice and Phex Mice With Spontaneous Endolymphatic Hydrops

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Normal Mice and Phex Mice With Spontaneous Endolymphatic Hydrops

Reduced sensory gating of the P1 potential in rape victims and combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Differential effects of ketamine on gating of auditory evoked potentials and prepulse inhibition in rats

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