Midnight latitude‐altitude distribution of 630 nm airglow in the Asian sector measured with FORMOSAT‐2/ISUAL

Adachi, Toru; Yamaoka, M.; Yamamoto, M.; Otsuka, Yuichi; Liu, Huixin; Hsiao, Chao-Chih; Chen, Alfred B.; Hsu, R.

doi:10.1029/2009ja015147

Cited by 19 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Lower bright emissions are due to the OH airglow layer while upper dim emissions are due to the OI (630‐nm) airglow layer. Note that the true height of the 630‐nm airglow layer is typically 20–30 km higher than the tangential altitude shown here [ Adachi et al , 2010]. (b–d) Deviations of the airglow successively obtained with a time interval of ∼20 seconds at around 1500 UT.…”

Section: Observation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Taking images at a repetition rate of ∼20 s −1 as the satellite moves northward on the orbit, ISUAL scanned airglow structures between ∼50°S and ∼25°N in the northern winter seasons and between ∼40°S and ∼35°N in the equinox seasons. From these data, Adachi et al [2010] determined the height of the 630‐nm airglow layer and showed the latitudinal distribution of the layer. The latitudinal distribution of the airglow layer has also been surveyed by several other limb measurements [e.g., Zhang and Shepherd , 2008].…”

Section: Observation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First satellite-imaging observation of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances by FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL

Adachi¹,

Otsuka

Yamaoka

et al. 2011

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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[1] On the night of May 16, 2007, a satellite limb imager of FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL observed wave-like structures of the 630-nm airglow simultaneously with an all-sky imager deployed at Darwin in Australia. The height of the airglow layer was estimated as 220 km, and the structures were aligned in the northeast-southwest orientation with a wavelength of ∼300 km and propagated toward the northwest with a phase velocity of ∼100 m s −1 , showing typical characteristics of the nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs). We conclude that ISUAL for the first time succeeded in observing the airglow layer altitude and airglow structures modulated by MSTID from space. Such a satellite limb airglow imaging could be a new tool to characterize ionospheric irregularities on a global level. Citation: Adachi, T

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Section: Observation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Observation and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First satellite-imaging observation of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances by FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL

Adachi¹,

Otsuka

Yamaoka

et al. 2011

Geophys. Res. Lett.

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“…They showed a definite seasonal variation of MTM with summer hemisphere maximum occurring earlier than the winter hemisphere maximum. Adachi et al (2010) also mentioned that DEB might represent the cross section of two branches of a V-shaped MBW which had been found in the experimental studies by Meriwether et al (2008). The ISUAL observation periods were around 2330 LT which was during the typical occurrence periods of MBW, between 2300 ~ 0100 LT, when the enhanced brightness propagates pole-ward (Colerico et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latitudinal locations of equatorial brightness should depend on the local time. Adachi et al (2010) showed the observations based on 14 days of ISUAL data obtained from the Asian sector. The authors noted that the bright airglow emissions were often observed in the equatorial region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Observations of the 630-nm Nightglow and Patterns of Brightness Measured by ISUAL

Chiang

Chang

Tam

et al. 2013

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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This study investigates the distributions and occurrence mechanisms of the global local-midnight airglow brightness through FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL satellite imaging observations. We focus on the OI 630.0 nm nightglow emission at altitudes of ~250 km along equatorial space. The database used in this study included data from 2007 to 2008 under solar minimum conditions. The data were classified into four specified types in the statistical study. We found that the occurrence of equatorial brightness was often in the vicinity of the geographic equator and mostly at equinoxes with a tendency to move toward the summer hemisphere as the season changes. Conjugate brightness occurring simultaneously on both sides of the geomagnetic equator was observed predominantly in the northern winter. Furthermore, midnight brightness appeared to have lower luminosity from May to July. We suggest that the global midnight brightness associated with the locations and seasons was the result of several effects which include the influence of the thermospheric midnight temperature maximum (MTM), summerto-winter neutral wind, and ionospheric anomalies.

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“…Each curve has a clear minimum peak channels, respectively. A previous study showed that the 630-nm OI airglow emission is in the altitude range of 180-350 km and the low-and midlatitude regions based on data of rockets (Takahashi et al 1990) and satellites (Adachi et al 2010). The altitude of the 630-nm emission derived from ground-based imaging network with the triangulation technique was reported to be 260 ± 10 km in middle latitude (Kubota et al 2000).…”

Section: Vertical Airglow Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of imaging parameters for space-borne airglow photography using city light positions

2016

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Abstract:A new method for calibrating imaging parameters of photographs taken from the International Space Station (ISS) is presented in this report. Airglow in the mesosphere and the F-region ionosphere was captured on the limb of the Earth with a digital single-lens reflex camera from the ISS by astronauts. To utilize the photographs as scientific data, imaging parameters, such as the angle of view, exact position, and orientation of the camera, should be determined because they are not measured at the time of imaging. A new calibration method using city light positions shown in the photographs was developed to determine these imaging parameters with high accuracy suitable for airglow study. Applying the pinhole camera model, the apparent city light positions on the photograph are matched with the actual city light locations on Earth, which are derived from the global nighttime stable light map data obtained by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellite. The correct imaging parameters are determined in an iterative process by matching the apparent positions on the image with the actual city light locations. We applied this calibration method to photographs taken on August 26, 2014, and confirmed that the result is correct. The precision of the calibration was evaluated by comparing the results from six different photographs with the same imaging parameters. The precisions in determining the camera position and orientation are estimated to be ±2.2 km and ±0.08°, respectively. The 0.08° difference in the orientation yields a 2.9-km difference at a tangential point of 90 km in altitude. The airglow structures in the photographs were mapped to geographical points using the calibrated imaging parameters and compared with a simultaneous observation by the Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager of the Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Upper Atmosphere, and Plasmasphere mapping mission installed on the ISS. The comparison shows good agreements and supports the validity of the calibration. This calibration technique makes it possible to utilize photographs taken on low-Earth-orbit satellites in the nighttime as a reference for the airglow and aurora structures.

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Midnight latitude‐altitude distribution of 630 nm airglow in the Asian sector measured with FORMOSAT‐2/ISUAL

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

First satellite-imaging observation of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances by FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL

First satellite-imaging observation of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances by FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL

Global Observations of the 630-nm Nightglow and Patterns of Brightness Measured by ISUAL

Calibration of imaging parameters for space-borne airglow photography using city light positions

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