Migration and the Maggaraians� Cultural Identity as Represented in Maggaraian Rap Songs

Abstract

One significant factor that has brought the Manggaraians into contact with many people from various cultures outside their place of origin is migration. Their awareness of the importance of preserving and retaining their cultural identity is growing once they experience intercultural interactions. Rap songs have become one of the means by which they observe migration and cultural identity closer as important phenomena in their life. The present article studies these phenomena in Manggaraian rap songs. For this purpose, the concept of rural idyll suggested by Marc Mormont is used to understand the Manggaraians perspective on their home region, and the concept of identity as defined by Stuart Hall is used to examine the way the Manggaraians construe their cultural identity. This study is focused on 30 Manggaraian rap song that feature migration and Manggaraian cultural identity as the themes of the lyrics. The study has led to the insight that the main reasons that motivate the Manggaraians to migrate are their desires to continue their education, find better livelihood, gain new experiences in foreign regions and look for better accesses and facilities that are unavailable in their home region to achieve their goals. The experience of living among people from many different cultures in foreign regions confront them with the need to maintain their cultural identity and contact with their home region. To fulfill this need they make attempts of revitalizing Manggaraian traditional values that they are familiar with throughout their growing-up years in Manggarai.

Sopi in Manggaraian Society: A Gastronomic Studies of Manggaraian Popular Songs

“…Research on Manggaraian culture that features popular songs has been widely carried out. There has been much research on the representation of migration and its impact on residents inside and outside the area of origin in Manggaraian popular songs (Yuliantari, Lon, & Widyawati, 2020;Yuliantari, 2020), the representation of gender and Manggaraian identity in various Manggaraian popular music genres (Yuliantari, 2018;Yuliantari, 2019a;Yuliantari, 2019b), the role of the Catholic church in the liturgical development of Manggaraian music and representation of social and literary issues in Manggarai (Erb, 1997;Toda, 1999;Su et al, 2016;Verheijen, 2006;Yuliantari & Gadur, 2021;Yuliantari, 2021), among others. So far, there has not been any research into Manggaraian popular songs that explore how they express the cultural meanings of one of the most familiar traditional drinks in Manggarai, sopi.…”