Migration of lead from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes

Al-Malack, Muhammad H.

doi:10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00366-6

Cited by 68 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…1. These results were similar to that obtained by Al-Malack [14] who studied lead migration to the water at pH value of 5 and found to be 1 mg/l after 48 h of exposure. Burn and Sullivan [16] also reported that acidic conditions enhance extraction of lead from PVC pipes.…”

Section: Low Ph (Ph 6)supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Concentrations were higher than the lead standard in drinking water adopted in Egypt. A study carried out by Al-Malack [14] showed by using a circulatory method that lead concentration migrated from PVC pipes into the circulated water after 10 h of exposure reached a value of 0.43 mg/l and by the end of the experiment (48 h), it increased to 0.78 mg/l.…”

Section: Effect Of Water and Pipe Agementioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors influencing lead and iron release from some Egyptian drinking water pipes

Lasheen

Sharaby

El-Kholy

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Low Ph (Ph 6)supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Effect Of Water and Pipe Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing lead and iron release from some Egyptian drinking water pipes

Lasheen

Sharaby

El-Kholy

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…This has been shown by some authors who found organic compounds, herein volatile organic compounds (VOCs), leaching from PE and cross-linked PE (PEX) material (Koch 2004;Skjevrak et al 2003). Organotin compounds and lead have been found in drinking water distributed doi: 10.2166/aqua.20U.004 through PVC pipes (Sadiki et al 1996;Sadiki & Williams 1998;Al-Malack 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Some investigators have reported the migration of lead from U-PVC pipes into potable water (Al-Malack 2001). Several studies have investigated the leaching into drinking water of organotins used as antioxidants in PVC pipes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic compounds migrating from plastic pipes into water

Kowalska

Kowalski

Rożej

2011

Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua

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Case studies were carried out to identify potential chemical contaminants migrating to drinking water from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE) pipes, available on the Polish market.Analyses were carried out by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS).Analysis of organotin compounds in water in contact with PVC pipes from different manufacturers found variability; monobutyltin (169 and 425 ng/L) and dibutyltin (51-72 and 249-263 ng/L) were detected in two of three samples, Al and A2 respectively. Tributyltin was detected only in the second of these (92 ng/L). No organotin compounds were detected in sample A3, but a considerable quantity of lead (0.13-0.82 mg/L) was observed. Nineteen organic compounds, also volatile organic compounds such as xylene, styrene, phenols, and ethylmethylbenzene, were identified during GC-MS analysis of water samples in contact with high density PE pipe. Phenolic compounds related to antioxidants such as ditertbutyl-hydroxytoluene (0.29-3.6 and 0.84-9.8 ppb) and their degradation products such as t-butyl-methylphenol (0.9-11.8 ppb) were also detected.

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“…Compound migration from PVC pipe material to water, of e.g. polyvinyl chloride monomer, lead or organotin compounds, has been the subject of numerous research by, inter alia, Sadiki et al [19], Al-Malack [20], Al-Malack and Sheikheldin [21], Lasheen et al [22] and Kowalska et al [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tests on a polyvinyl chloride pipe from an existing water distribution system

Kowalska

Rudawska

Kowalski

2014

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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The following paper presents mechanical strength test results of a 160 x 9 mm PVC-U pipe, in the service of Municipal Water and Sewage Company since 1976, and the impact of the pipe material on the quality of water in contact. The water quality was evaluated in terms of the leaching of certain chemical elements from the pipe material to the water. Additional tests were carried out on the water obtained from different sections of the PVC-U plastics piping systems for the water supply. Chemical elements detection was performed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ICP-OES JY 238 Ultrace. Furthermore, the testing included the analysis of sediment found on the inside pipe wall, with the application of a Quanta 200 FEG Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).Migration tests showed a clear influence of the pipe material on water quality which was in contact with the PVC pipe. The highest recorded value of lead in water samples was 162.2 ppb and significantly exceeded the allowable concentration of lead contained in Directive 98/83/EC of the European Union equal to 10 ppb. Leaching of this element from the pipe material into the water proves the use of lead compounds as stabilizers for the production of pipes. The study of the chemical structure by Infrared Spectrometry showed changes in the test samples, demonstrating the degradation of the material, however, without affecting its strength. But the degradation of the material may affect the migration of lead into the water. The analysis of sediment on the inside of the pipe wall allowed us to identify mainly calcium carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of iron and manganese and also sodium chloride. The elements included in the sediment are also typical for the water supply distribution system discussed.

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Migration of lead from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Factors influencing lead and iron release from some Egyptian drinking water pipes

Factors influencing lead and iron release from some Egyptian drinking water pipes

Organic compounds migrating from plastic pipes into water

Tests on a polyvinyl chloride pipe from an existing water distribution system

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