Migration of oligomers from a food contact biopolymer based on polylactic acid (PLA) and polyester

Úbeda, Sara; Aznar, María Pilar Matud; Alfaro, Pilar; Nerı́n, Cristina

doi:10.1007/s00216-019-01831-0

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“… Oligomers FCMs Matrix Analytical technique Ref. PET cyclic oligomers Microwavable PET Migration solutions HPLC-FLD Begley et al, 1990 PET cyclic and linear oligomers Ovenable PET bags and trays Migration solutions HPLC-UV De Freire, Damant, Castle, & Reyes, 1999 PES linear and cyclic oligomers Several PES items Extraction solutions after hydrolysis HPLC-UV and GC–MS LC-ESI-MS Brenz et al, 2017 PES cyclic oligomers FCM multilayers Migration solutions UPLC-MS-qTOF Ubeda, 2017 PET linear and cyclic oligomers Virgin and recycled PET food-grade pellets Extraction and migration solutions UPLC-MS-qTOF Ubeda, Aznar, & Nerin, 2018 PBT linear and cyclic oligomers Several PBT items Extraction solutions HPLC-UV and LC-ESI-MS Brenz et al, 2018 PET and PBT cyclic dimers and trimers PET bottles Migration solutions HPLC-UV Tsochatzis et al, 2019a ; Dehouck et al, 2018 PBT cyclic dimer to pentamer PBT beverage cups Migration and extraction solutions HPLC-UV Tsochatzis et al, 2019b PET trimer and PBT dimer and trimer PET and PBT food-grade pellets Extraction solutions HPLC-UV Eckardt et al, 2019 PES cyclic oligomers PLA pellets and films Migration and total dissolution solutions UPLC-qTOF-MS Ubeda, 2019 PET cyclic and linear oligomers PET tea bags Migration solutions UHPLC-qTOF-MS Tsochatzis et al, 2020 PES cyclic...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of PBT and PET cyclic oligomers in extracts of coffee capsules and food simulants by a HPLC-UV/FLD method

et al. 2021

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Highlights PET and PBT cyclic oligomers in food contact materials (plastic coffee capsules). Validation and application of a HPLC-UV/FLD for quantification of the studied PET and PBT oligomers. Method validation for 1st Series PET cyclic oligomers and PBT, with proper analytical standards, with known purity. Exposure assessment based on TTC and EFSA scientific opinions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of PBT and PET cyclic oligomers in extracts of coffee capsules and food simulants by a HPLC-UV/FLD method

et al. 2021

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“…Purified samples were analyzed by SEC; the chromatogram curves show a main peak associated to elution of MDs and some other peaks eluting at longer retention time (i.e., low molecular weight fractions) ( Figure 3 a for MDCA and Figure S5 Supplementary Materials for other MDs). Elution of unconverted lactide, oligomers containing two or three lactic acid units, or the unreacted initiator can account for these peaks [ 22 ]. The molecular weight distribution curves of the main peak, especially for low molecular weight MDs, are bimodal or multimodal ( Figure 3 b for MDCA), giving a dispersity higher than 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Migration in solution was carried out in EtOH 95% because it is already used to check the migration of antioxidants from PLA nanocomposite films [ 43 ] and it is considered a fat simulant in the determination of species that can be released by migration from food contact polymer films such as PLA [ 22 ]. By considering that free chromophores and MDs are soluble in this solvent, EtOH 95% is considered a useful solvent for our purposes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macromolecular Dyes by Chromophore-Initiated Ring Opening Polymerization of L-Lactide

et al. 2020

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End functionalized polylactides are prepared by ring opening polymerization of L-lactide in the presence of stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2). Three chromophores, 9H-carbazol-ethanol (CA), 9-fluorenyl-methanol (FM), and 2-(4-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenylazo)-N-ethylphenylamino)ethanol (Disperse Red 13, DR), are for the first time used as co-initiators in the polymerization process. The polymerization reaction is initiated by conventional thermal treatment, but in the case of FM, microwave-assisted polymerization is also carried out. CA and FM absorb and emit in the UV portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, whereas DR absorbs in the visible part. The obtained end-capped polylactides derivatives show the same photophysical properties as the initiator, so they are “macromolecular dyes” (MDs) that can be used “as synthesized” or can be blended with commercial poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The blends of PLA with MDs have ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and fluorescence emission features similar to that of MDs and thermal properties typical of PLA. Finally, migration tests, carried out onto the blends of PLA with MDs and PLA with free chromophores, show that MDs are less released than free chromophores both in solution and in the solid phase.

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“…Two different biopolymer samples based on Polylactic acid (PLA) and compounds’ migration to food simulants were studied by Ubeda et al [ 153 ]. Thirty-nine different PLA oligomers made of repeated monomer units of [LA] (C 3 H 4 O 2 ) and different structures were identified.…”

Section: Alternatives To Plastics: Biopolymers and Bioplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

Kato

Conté-Júnior

2021

Polymers

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Several food contact materials (FCMs) contain non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), and most of the substances that migrate from plastic food packaging are unknown. This review aimed to situate the main challenges involving unknown NIAS in plastic food packaging in terms of identification, migration tests, prediction, sample preparation, determination methods and risk assessment trials. Most studies have identified NIAS in plastic materials as polyurethane adhesives (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester coatings, polypropylene materials (PP), multilayers materials, plastic films, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), recycled materials, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Degradation products are almost the primary source of NIAS in plastic FCMs, most from antioxidants as Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168, following by oligomers and side reaction products. The NIAS assessment in plastics FCMs is usually made by migration tests under worst-case conditions using food simulants. For predicted NIAS, targeted analytical methods are applied using GC-MS based methods for volatile NIAS and GC-MS and LC-MS based methods for semi- and non-volatile NIAS; non-targeted methods to analyze unknown NIAS in plastic FCMs are applied using GC and LC techniques combined with QTOF mass spectrometry (HRMS). In terms of NIAS risk assessment and prioritization, the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept is the most applied tool for risk assessment. Bioassays with sensitive analytical techniques seem to be an efficient method to identify NIAS and their hazard to human exposure; the combination of genotoxicity testing with analytical chemistry could allow the Cramer class III TTC application to prioritize unknown NIAS. The scientific justification for implementing a molecular weight-based cut-off (<1000 Da) in the risk assessment of FCMs should be reevaluated. Although official guides and opinions are being issued on the subject, the whole chain’s alignment is needed, and more specific legislation on the steps to follow to get along with NIAS.

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Migration of oligomers from a food contact biopolymer based on polylactic acid (PLA) and polyester

Cited by 61 publications

References 30 publications

Analysis of PBT and PET cyclic oligomers in extracts of coffee capsules and food simulants by a HPLC-UV/FLD method

Analysis of PBT and PET cyclic oligomers in extracts of coffee capsules and food simulants by a HPLC-UV/FLD method

Macromolecular Dyes by Chromophore-Initiated Ring Opening Polymerization of L-Lactide

Safety of Plastic Food Packaging: The Challenges about Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) Discovery, Identification and Risk Assessment

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