Migratory refueling affects non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, but does not increase lipid peroxidation

Eikenaar, Cas; Jönsson, Johanna; Fritzsch, Anna; Wang, Hong Lei; Isaksson, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.033

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…We quantified malondialdehyde (MDA), the most frequently used biomarker of overall lipid peroxidation, following the protocol described in Eikenaar et al (2016). Briefly, 15 µl plasma was mixed with 50 µl O-(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorbenzyl) solution (1 mM in sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0) and the micro-reaction was conducted for 1 h at room temperature.…”

Section: Lipid Peroxidation Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direction of this association in tree sparrows is in contrast to our prediction, and also to the results at the population level (where both MDA and PI were higher in the urban compared to the rural environment). Possibly, individual tree sparrows with a high PI have a corresponding increase in dietary antioxidants (Eikenaar et al, 2016(Eikenaar et al, , 2017. This could prevent lipid peroxidation to some degree, but not enough to override the population/habitat effect.…”

Section: Species and Habitat Differences In Health Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species-Dependent Effects of the Urban Environment on Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stress in Birds

et al. 2017

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Ecological impacts of urbanization include the loss of biodiversity and changes in species composition and population densities. However, how the urban environment affects fundamental physiological parameters is largely unknown. Here, we investigated physiological components related to health and nutrition, namely, plasma fatty acids (FA) and lipid peroxidation at inter-habitat and interspecific levels. Specifically, we compared four passerine bird species-the great tit (Parus major), the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), the house sparrow (Passer domesticus), and the tree sparrow (P. montanus)-from urban and rural environments. Significant interactions between species and habitat were revealed for the majority of the FAs. Interestingly, the observed inter-habitat variation in FAs was frequently in opposite directions when comparing species from the two families (tits, Paridae; sparrows, Passeridae). These patterns suggest that sparrows and tits feed on different food sources, or modulate their FA metabolism differently, across the urban-rural gradient. By using canonical discriminant analyses (CDA), we further demonstrated species-specific signals in FA composition, with misclassification of species being <1% within habitats and <7% between habitats. Finally, the urban-rural FA differences between species and families were manifested in two indices of health. Firstly, urban blue tits had a higher total ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated FA ratio than rural conspecifics, which is believed to increase inflammatory responses. Secondly, urban sparrows of both species showed higher lipid peroxidation indices (indicating a higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation if exposed to pro-oxidants), and consequently, a higher level of lipid peroxidation compared to their rural conspecifics. Collectively, the speciesand habitat-specific differences in plasma FA composition, which are linked to nutrition and metabolism, suggest that the urban environment affect tits and sparrows primarily via two different pathways-inflammation and oxidative stress, respectively,-with potential consequences for the health of urban populations.

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Section: Lipid Peroxidation Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Species and Habitat Differences In Health Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-Dependent Effects of the Urban Environment on Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stress in Birds

et al. 2017

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“…Birds lack the enzyme urate oxidase that oxidizes uric acid to allantoin in other vertebrates, so any allantoin in the avian circulatory system is generally considered to be a product of neutralizing RS (Tsahar et al, 2006). It has been found that non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, but not lipid peroxidation, is higher after re-feeding following fasting in captive northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe), and this was mostly explained by an increase in circulating uric acid produced during protein metabolism (Eikenaar et al, 2016). This experiment highlights the impact of uric acid on antioxidant capacity in birds undergoing hyperphagia before migration and at stopover sites.…”

Section: Sacrificial Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the antioxidant system during intense endurance exercise: lessons from migrating birds

Cooper-Mullin

McWilliams

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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During migration, birds substantially increase their metabolic rate and burn fats as fuel and yet somehow avoid succumbing to overwhelming oxidative damage. The physiological means by which vertebrates such as migrating birds can counteract an increased production of reactive species (RS) are rather limited: they can upregulate their endogenous antioxidant system and/or consume dietary antioxidants ( prophylactically or therapeutically). Thus, birds can alter different components of their antioxidant system to respond to the demands of long-duration flights, but much remains to be discovered about the complexities of RS production and antioxidant protection throughout migration. Here, we use bird migration as an example to discuss how RS are produced during endurance exercise and how the complex antioxidant system can protect against cellular damage caused by RS. Understanding how a bird's antioxidant system responds during migration can lend insights into how antioxidants protect birds during other life-history stages when metabolic rate may be high, and how antioxidants protect other vertebrates from oxidative damage during endurance exercise.

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“…They may also limit the production of ROS from the mitochondria (Brand, 2000), or produce antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) or uric acid, a metabolic by-product produced during flight (Tsahar et al, 2006). Dietary antioxidants can also contribute to ROS defenses and may include anthocyanins found in berries eaten by migrating birds, particularly in fall (Schaefer et al, 2008), or excess protein intake from animal prey, which may increase plasma uric acid (Smith and McWilliams, 2009;Alan and McWilliams, 2013;Eikenaar et al, 2016). Birds likely use a mixture of these mechanisms to manage ROS in preparation for and during migratory flight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight muscle protein damage during endurance flight is related to energy expenditure but not dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in a migratory bird

Dick

Guglielmo

2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Migration poses many physiological challenges for birds, including sustaining high intensity aerobic exercise for hours or days. A consequence of endurance flight is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS production may be influenced by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which, although prone to oxidative damage, may limit mitochondrial ROS production and increase antioxidant capacity. We examined how flight muscles manage oxidative stress during flight, and whether dietary long-chain PUFA influence ROS management or damage. Yellow-rumped warblers were fed diets low in PUFA, or high in long-chain n-3 or n-6 PUFA. Flight muscle was sampled from birds in each diet treatment at rest or immediately after flying for up to a maximum of 360 min in a wind tunnel. Flight increased flight muscle superoxide dismutase activity but had no effect on catalase activity. The ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulphide decreased during flight. Oxidative protein damage, indicated by protein carbonyls, increased with flight duration (Pearson r=0.4). Further examination of just individuals that flew for 360 min (N=15) indicates that oxidative damage was related more to total energy expenditure (Pearson r=0.86) than to flight duration itself. This suggests that high quality individuals with higher flight efficiency have not only lower energy costs but also potentially less oxidative damage to repair after arrival at the destination. No significant effects of dietary long-chain PUFA were observed on antioxidants or damage. Overall, flight results in oxidative stress and the degree of damage is likely driven more by energy costs than fatty acid nutrition.

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Migratory refueling affects non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity, but does not increase lipid peroxidation

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

Species-Dependent Effects of the Urban Environment on Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stress in Birds

Species-Dependent Effects of the Urban Environment on Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stress in Birds

The role of the antioxidant system during intense endurance exercise: lessons from migrating birds

Flight muscle protein damage during endurance flight is related to energy expenditure but not dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in a migratory bird

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