Milk and dairy consumption, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: the Caerphilly prospective study

Elwood, Peter Creighton; Pickering, Janet Elizabeth; Fehily, A. M.

doi:10.1136/jech.2006.053157

Cited by 198 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

160

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, the lack of association observed between CMRS and cheese may be, in part, explained by the higher fat, sodium, and lower potassium held by cheese compared with milk and other fluid dairy food [38]. On the other hand, the preponderance of evidence, mostly in adults, indicates that milk intake is more likely to be associated with beneficial cardiometabolic outcomes [13], [39], [40] and [41]. Few studies have shown the beneficial effects of other dairy products [10], [36] and [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Abreu

Moreira

et al. 2014

Nutrition Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epidemiologic studies have reported an inverse association between dairy product consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults, but this relation is relatively unexplored in adolescents. We hypothesized that a higher dairy product intake is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor clustering in adolescents. To test this hypothesis, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 494 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years from the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal. We measured fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, body fat, and cardiorespiratory fitness. We also calculated homeostatic model assessment and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. For each one of these variables, a z score was computed using age and sex. A cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) was constructed by summing up the z scores of all individual risk factors. High risk was considered to exist when an individual had at least 1 SD from this score. Diet was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and the intake of total dairy (included milk, yogurt, and cheese), milk, yogurt, and cheese was categorized as low (equal to or below the median of the total sample) or "appropriate" (above the median of the total sample).The association between dairy product intake and CMRS was evaluated using separate logistic regression, and the results were adjusted for confounders. Adolescents with high milk intake had lower CMRS, compared with those with low intake (10.6% vs 18.1%, P = .018). Adolescents with appropriate milk intake were less likely to have high CMRS than those with low milk intake (odds ratio, 0.531; 95% confidence interval, 0.302-0.931). No association was found between CMRS and total dairy, yogurt, and cheese intake. Only milk intake seems to be inversely related to CMRS in adolescents.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Abreu

Moreira

et al. 2014

Nutrition Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, it was considered two studies when the observed items were combined. Among these studies, dairy products appeared as items in six studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Pittas et al, 2006;van Dam et al, 2006;Elwood et al, 2007;Kirii et al, 2009), low-fat and high-fat dairy foods appeared in three studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;van Dam et al, 2006), whole milk appeared in four studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Kirii et al, 2009;Villegas et al, 2009) and yogurt appeared in three studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Kirii et al, 2009). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of seven publications with cohort studies (Choi et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Pittas et al, 2006;van Dam et al, 2006;Elwood et al, 2007;Kirii et al, 2009;Villegas et al, 2009) on dairy and milk consumption and T2DM were included according to the criteria (Table 1). In the study by Kirii et al (2009), participants were divided to men and women for observation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/Objectives: Milk intake is widely recommended for a healthy diet. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the consumption of dairy products may be associated with a reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate the association between dairy products consumption and T2DM. Subjects/Methods: A systematical literature search was done through the Medline database and seven related cohort studies were identified. The adjusted relative risks (RRs) with the highest and the lowest categories from each study were extracted to calculate the combined RR. A least-square trend estimation was applied to assess the dose-response relationships. Results: A combined RR of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79-0.92) was revealed on T2DM risk associated to dairy intake, with little evidence of heterogeneity. For subgroup analysis, a combined RR was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74-0.90), 1.00 (95% CI, 0.89-1.10), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.86-1.05) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.93) for the intake of low-fat dairy, high-fat dairy, whole milk and yogurt, respectively. Dose-response analysis showed that T2DM risk could be reduced 5% for total dairy products and 10% for low-fat dairy products. Conclusion: An inverse association of daily intake of dairy products, especially low-fat dairy, with T2DM was revealed, indicating a beneficial effect of dairy consumption in the prevention of T2DM development.

show abstract

“…In the group with the highest dairy product intake ($ 3·1 servings/d of milk, yogurt, cheese and milkbased desserts) the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 7 % lower compared with the group with the lowest dairy product intake (, 1·7 servings/d). In addition, Elwood et al (5) have recently found a negative relationship between milk and dairy product intake and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a study among 45-to 49-year-old men. Similar results were observed by Ruidavets et al (6) , who showed in a cross-sectional sample of 45-to 64-yearold men that intake of dairy products (milk and cheese) was negatively related to the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Dairy Product Consumption and The Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy product consumption and the metabolic syndrome

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD. Epidemiological studies have now suggested protective effects of dairy product consumption on the development of this syndrome. Here we review the physiological effects and possible mechanisms involved of three main dairy constituents (Ca, protein, fat) on important components of the metabolic syndrome. Ca supplements improve the serum lipoprotein profile, particularly by decreasing serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. They also lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Insufficient evidence exists for a significant role of Ca supplements or dairy in body-weight management. Effects of Ca may be related to intestinal binding to fatty acids or bile acids, or to changes in intracellular Ca metabolism by suppressing calciotropic hormones. Dietary proteins may increase satiety in both the short and longer term, which may result in a reduced energy intake. They have also been reported to improve the serum lipoprotein profile as compared with carbohydrates. Dairy proteins are precursors of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptides, which may lower blood pressure. Such effects, however, have inconsistently been reported in human studies. Finally, conjugated linoleic acid, which effectively lowers body weight in animals, has no such effect in humans in the quantities provided by dairy products. To reduce the intake of SFA, the consumption of low-fat instead of high-fat dairy products is recommended. In conclusion, more research is warranted to better understand the physiological effects and the mechanisms involved of dairy products in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.

show abstract

Milk and dairy consumption, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: the Caerphilly prospective study

Abstract: The consumption of milk and dairy products is associated with a markedly reduced prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, and these items therefore fit well into a healthy eating pattern.

Cited by 198 publications

References 18 publications

Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

Dairy product consumption and the metabolic syndrome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About