Milk fat biomarkers and cardiometabolic disease

Risérus, Ulf; Marklund, Matti

doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000381

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…After further adjustment for dairy and fiber intakes that may have an impact on circulating OCFA levels, fiber intake did not seem to be a confounder, whilst the consumption of dairy products was a significant predictor only for (lyso)PCs that contain 23:5 fatty‐acid chain (Table S5, Supporting Information), although the total dairy consumption did not differ across the study groups (Table S2, Supporting Information). Furthermore, we did not see any differences between the T2D cases and controls, or between the subjects with high and low egg intake in their serum acylcarnitines, BCAA, and aromatic amino acids (Table S6, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Metabolic Profiling of High Egg Consumption and the Associated Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle‐Aged Finnish Men

Noerman

Kärkkäinen

Mattsson

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Higher egg intake was previously associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the prospective, population‐based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD) in eastern Finland. Potential compounds that can explain this association are explored using nontargeted LC‐MS‐based metabolic profiling. Methods and results Two hundred and thirty‐nine baseline serum samples from the KIHD are analyzed in four groups: subjects with higher (mean intake one egg per day) or lower (mean intake two eggs per week) egg intake who developed T2D (cases) or remained heatlhy (controls) during the mean follow‐up of 19.3 years. Different serum profiles of subjects who had either higher or lower egg intakes, and of those who developed type 2 diabetes or remained healthy, are observed. The higher baseline tyrosine level predicts higher odds of T2D (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.45, 2.60; p < 0.001; FDR 0.023) along with an unknown hexose‐containing compound (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.57, 2.88; p < 0.001; FDR 0.005). Certain predominant metabolites in T2D cases are correlated positively with ones in the lower‐egg‐intake group and negatively with ones in the higher‐egg‐intake group. Conclusion Our current findings may underline some potential metabolites that can explain how egg intake is associated with a lower risk of T2D.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Metabolic Profiling of High Egg Consumption and the Associated Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle‐Aged Finnish Men

Noerman

Kärkkäinen

Mattsson

et al. 2018

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…As the major energy component in bovine milk, milk fat represents approximately 3.5 to 5.2% of total milk composition and is predominantly composed of TAG, accounting for more than 98% of the total milk lipids (Risérus and Marklund, 2017). Typically, lipolysis and the mobilization of body fat account for <10% of the Figure 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High expression of cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a (CIDEA) promotes milk fat content in dairy cows with clinical ketosis

Sun

Wang

Loor

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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High blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) during ketosis represent a source of fatty acids for milk fat synthesis and explain the increase in milk fat content in ketotic cows. Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a (CIDEA) is a lipid droplet coat protein with important roles in the regulation of milk fat synthesis and secretion in mice. Whether ketosis alters the expression of CIDEA in mammary gland tissue and the extent to which it may contribute to regulation of milk fat synthesis and secretion are unknown. Mammary gland tissue and blood samples were collected from healthy (n = 15) and clinically ketotic (n = 15) cows. Mammary epithelial cells isolated from cows were infected with CIDEA overexpression adenovirus for 48 h, treated with 0, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mM NEFA for 24 h, or infected with CIDEA-silencing adenovirus for 48 h and treated with 1.2 mM NEFA for 24 h. Serum concentrations of NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate were greater in cows with clinical ketosis, and milk production and dry matter intake were lower in cows with clinical ketosis. However, compared with healthy cows, the content of milk fat of cows with clinical ketosis was greater. Compared with healthy cows, abundance of mRNA and protein of CIDEA, fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-coA carboxylase 1 (ACACA), butyrophilin (BTN1A1), and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) was greater in mammary tissue of cows with clinical ketosis. Overexpression of CIDEA in cultured mammary epithelial cells increased the abundance of FASN, ACACA, XDH, and BTN1A1, and increased triacylglycerol (TAG) content in mammary epithelial cells. Exogenous NEFA increased the abundance of CIDEA, FASN, ACACA, XDH, and BTN1A1, and increased TAG content in mammary epithelial cells. Importantly, knockdown of CIDEA reversed the upregulation of FASN, ACACA, XDH, and BTN1A1 abundance and TAG content induced by NEFA treatment. Overall, these data suggest that high levels of NEFA stimulate the expression of CIDEA and enhance de novo fatty acid synthesis and milk fat secretion. As such, these mechanisms explain in part the elevation of milk fat content in dairy cows with clinical ketosis.

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“…Nevertheless, there remains ongoing controversy regarding the optimal dietary fat composition needed to promote cardiometabolic health [72]. Recent clinical trials and observational studies have demonstrated that circulating C14:0, C17:0 and notably C15:0 represent dietary biomarkers of dairy fat intake whose impact on cardiometabolic health may likely be beneficial [73]. In contrast, greater consumption of processed foods containing vegetable oils rich in C18:2n-6cis and other omega-6 fatty acids is hypothesized to be a major dietary culprit for cardiovascular disease prevalence in developed countries [74].…”

Section: Novel Biomarkers Identified Following a Western Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Trajectories Following Contrasting Prudent and Western Diets from Food Provisions: Robust Biomarkers of Short-Term Changes in Habitual Diet

Wellington

Shanmuganathan

Souza

et al. 2019

Preprint

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A large body of evidence has linked unhealthy eating with an alarming increase in obesity and chronic disease worldwide. However, existing methods of assessing dietary intake rely on food frequency questionnaires or dietary records that are prone to bias and selective reporting. Herein, metabolic phenotyping was performed on 42 healthy participants from the Diet and Gene Intervention (DIGEST) pilot study, a parallel two-arm randomized clinical trial that provided complete diets to all participants. Matching urine and plasma specimens were collected at baseline and following 2 weeks of provision of either a Prudent or Western diet with a weight-maintaining menu plan designed by a dietician. Targeted and nontargeted metabolite profiling was conducted using three complementary analytical platforms, where 80 serum metabolites and 84 creatinine-normalized urinary metabolites were reliably measured (CV < 30%) in the majority of participants (> 75%) after implementing a rigorous data workflow for metabolite authentication with stringent quality control. We classified a panel of metabolites with distinctive trajectories following 2 weeks of food provisions when using complementary univariate and multivariate statistical models. Unknown metabolites associated with contrasting dietary patterns were identified with high resolution MS/MS and/or co-elution after spiking with authentic standards. Overall, 3-methylhistidine and proline betaine concentrations increased consistently when participants were assigned a Prudent diet (q < 0.05) in both plasma and urine samples with a decrease in the Western diet group. Similarly, creatinine-normalized urinary imidazole propionate, hydroxypipecolic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, and enterolactone glucuronide, as well as plasma ketoleucine and ketovaline increased with a Prudent diet (p < 0.05) after adjustments for age, sex and BMI. In contrast, plasma myristic acid, linoelaidic acid, linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, alanine, proline, carnitine and deoxycarnitine, as well as urinary acesulfame K increased among participants following a Western diet. Most metabolites were also correlated (r > ± 0.30, p < 0.05) to changes in average intake of specific nutrients from self-reported diet records reflecting good adherence to food provisions. This study revealed robust biomarkers sensitive to short-term changes in habitual diet that can be used to reliably monitor healthy eating patterns for new advances in nutritional epidemiology, as well as the design of evidence-based public health policies for chronic disease prevention.

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Milk fat biomarkers and cardiometabolic disease

Cited by 60 publications

References 72 publications

Metabolic Profiling of High Egg Consumption and the Associated Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle‐Aged Finnish Men

Metabolic Profiling of High Egg Consumption and the Associated Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle‐Aged Finnish Men

High expression of cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a (CIDEA) promotes milk fat content in dairy cows with clinical ketosis

Metabolic Trajectories Following Contrasting Prudent and Western Diets from Food Provisions: Robust Biomarkers of Short-Term Changes in Habitual Diet

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