Milk Major and Minor Proteins, Polymorphisms and Non‐protein Nitrogen<sup>*</sup>

Kukovics, S.; Németh, Tímea

doi:10.1002/9781118534168.ch5

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that the dispersibility of seeds varies among different animals [ 23 – 25 ] yet whether different cattle types within the same species can cause differential weed seed fate is poorly understood. The most popular milk-producing dairy cattle breed globally is the Holstein-Friesian [ 26 ], which are classified into four major groups: 1- lactating cows, 2- feedlot male calves, 3- dry cows, and 4- growing heifers. As these cattle groups vary in physiological properties of their digestive tract (particularly in the reticulum-rumen function) [ 20 ] and receive different daily diets, we hypothesized that the fate of weed seeds, measured in terms of recovery and viability, will depend on the cattle type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Weed Seed Fate Fed to Different Holstein Cattle Groups

et al. 2016

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Weed seeds may maintain their viability when passing through the digestive tract of cattle and can be therefore dispersed by animal movement or the application of manure. Whether different cattle types of the same species can cause differential weed seed fate is largely unknown to us particularly under non-grazed systems similar to Holstein-Friesian dairy farming. We investigated the effect on the seed survival of four weed species in the digestive tracts of four groups of Holstein cattle: lactating cows, feedlot male calves, dry cows and growing heifers. The weed species used were Cuscuta campestris, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex crispus and Sorghum halepense. Cattle excretion was sampled for recovery and viability of seeds at four 24 hourly intervals after seed intake. The highest seed recovery occurred two days after seed intake in all cattle groups. Averaged over weed species, dry and lactating cows had the lowest and highest seed recovery of 36.4% and 74.4% respectively. No significant differences were observed in seed recovery of the four weed species when their seeds were fed to dry cows. Based on a power model fitted to seed viability data, the estimated time to 50% viability loss after seed intake, over all cattle groups ranged from 65 h (R. crispus) to 76 h (P. aviculare). Recovered seeds from the dung of feedlot male calves showed the highest mortality among cattle groups. Significant correlation was found between seed viability and ruminal pH (r = 0.86; P<0.05). This study shows that management programs aiming to minimize weed infestation caused by livestock should account for the variation amongst cattle groups in seed persistence. Our findings can be used as a guideline for evaluating the potential risk of the spread of weeds via the application of cattle manure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Weed Seed Fate Fed to Different Holstein Cattle Groups

et al. 2016

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“…According to Monardes (), this tendency is explained because, while fat had its preference reduced by population consumption habits, protein has been valued for being a determinant of industrial yield of dairy products. Proteins in ruminants' milk are comprised of approximately 80% caseins and 20% whey proteins (Wang et al., ; Kukovics and Németh, ). In goat milk, exist six major proteins comprising approximately 95% of the total protein and classified into four caseins (as1, as2, β and κ ) and two whey proteins ( α ‐lactalbumin and β ‐lactoglobulin) encoded by CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3, LALBA and BLG genes respectively (Barłowska et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of long‐term under‐ and overfeeding on the expression of six major milk proteins' genes in the mammary tissue of goats

Tsiplakou

Flemetakis

Kouri

et al. 2015

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland involves expression of six major milk proteins' genes whose nutritional regulation remains poorly defined. In this study, the effect of long-term under- and overfeeding on the expression of as1-casein: CSN1S1, as2-casein: CSN1S2, β-casein: CSN2, κ-casein: CSN3, α-lactalbumin: LALBA and β-lactoglobulin: BLG gene in goat mammary tissue (MT) was examined. Twenty-four lactating dairy goat, at 90-98 days in milk, were divided into three homogenous subgroups and fed the same ration, for 60 days, in quantities which met 70% (underfeeding), 100% (control) and 130% (overfeeding) of their energy and crude protein requirements. The results showed a significant decrease in mRNA of CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3 and LALBA genes in the MT of underfed goats compared with the overfed and on the CSN1S1 and BLG gene expressions in the MT of underfed goats compared with the respective control and overfed. CSN2 was the most abundant transcript in goat MT relative to the other milk proteins' genes. Significantly positive correlations were observed between the mRNA levels of caseins' and BLG genes with the milk yield. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively. In conclusion, the feeding level and consequently the nutrients availability affected the milk lactose content, protein and lactose yield as well as the milk volume by altering the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3, LALBA and BLG gene expression involved in their metabolic pathways.

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