Milk of Mammals Fed an Aflatoxin-Containing Diet

Iongh, H. de; Vles, R. O.; Pelt, J.

doi:10.1038/202466a0

Cited by 151 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…It has been reported that Aspergillus flavus, Emericella astellata, E. venezuelensis and A. pseudotamarii produce B1 and B2 while A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. bombycus, A. miniscleotigenes, A. arachidicola produce B1, B2, G1 and G2 toxins [7]. The aflatoxins M1 and M2, two additional metabolic products were first isolated from milk of lactating animals fed aflatoxin preparations; hence, the M label [8]. Aflatoxin M1 is 4-hydroxy aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M2 is 4-dihydroxy aflatoxin B2 [9] and their toxic potency falls between B1 and G1 and B2 and G2 respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an alternative spectroscopic approach for aflatoxin analysis: Comparative analysis of food and feed samples with UPLC–MS/MS

Campbell

Cavalcante

Galvin-King

et al. 2017

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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Increasing research has highlighted the effects of changing climates on the occurrence and prevalence of toxigenic Aspergillus species producing aflatoxins. There is concern of the toxicological effects to human health and animal productivity following acute and chronic exposure that may affect the future ability to provide safe and sufficient food globally. Considerable research has focused on the detection of these toxins, based on the physicochemical and biochemical properties of the aflatoxin compounds, in agricultural products for human and animal consumption. As improvements in food security continue more regulations for acceptable levels of aflatoxins have arisen globally; the most stringent in Europe. These regulations are important for developing countries as aflatoxin occurrence is high significantly effecting international trade and the economy. In developed countries analytical approaches have become highly sophisticated, capable of attaining results with high precision and accuracy, suitable for regulatory laboratories. Regrettably, many countries that are affected by aflatoxin contamination do not have resources for high tech HPLC and MS instrumentation and require more affordable, yet robust equally accurate alternatives that may be used by producers, processors and traders in emerging economies. It is especially important that those companies wishing to exploit the opportunities offered by lucrative but highly regulated markets in the developed world, have access to analytical methods that will ensure that their exports meet their customers quality and safety requirements. This work evaluates the ToxiMet system as an alternative approach to UPLC–MS/MS for the detection and determination of aflatoxins relative to current European regulatory standards. Four commodities: rice grain, maize cracked and flour, peanut paste and dried distillers grains were analysed for natural aflatoxin contamination. For B1 and total aflatoxins determination the qualitative correlation, above or below the regulatory limit, was good for all commodities with the exception of the dried distillers grain samples for B1 for which no calibration existed. For B1 the quantitative R2 correlations were 0.92, 0.92, 0.88 (<250 μg/kg) and 0.7 for rice, maize, peanuts and dried distillers grain samples respectively whereas for total aflatoxins the quantitative correlation was 0.92, 0.94, 0.88 and 0.91. The ToxiMet system could be used as an alternative for aflatoxin analysis for current legislation but some consideration should be given to aflatoxin M1 regulatory levels for these commodities considering the high levels detected in this study especially for maize and peanuts. (Résumé d'auteur

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an alternative spectroscopic approach for aflatoxin analysis: Comparative analysis of food and feed samples with UPLC–MS/MS

Campbell

Cavalcante

Galvin-King

et al. 2017

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…1). AFM1 was first isolated from the milk of cows and rats fed AFB1-contaminated peanut meal and it was initially termed "milk toxin" (de Iongh et al, 1964). It was later discovered that AFM1 is not a metabolite exclusive of mammals and, in fact, it is produced by crude or isolated microsomal liver preparations from many non-mammalian species.…”

Section: Hydroxylation and Hydration Of Aflatoxin B1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of Aflatoxin B1 and Its Relationship with the Differential Toxicological Response to Aflatoxin in Commercial Poultry Species

Díaz¹,

Murcia²

2011

Aflatoxins - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…Materyal olarak cetvel 1 de dökümü verilen ı 5o süt, ı o2 peynir, 24 süttozu, 22 tereyağ, 2i yoğurt, 15 ayran olmak üzere toplam olarak 334 numune üzerinde çal ıştık.…”

Section: Materyal Ve Metodunclassified

SÜT VE SÜT MAMÜLLERİNDE AFLATOXİNE M, ve B, ARANMASI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR

Aziz¹

1973

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary: A method is described that is suitable for the analysis of aflatoxins M, and B, in liquid milk and dairy products. Liquid milk, cheese, powder milk, butter, yo ğurt, buttermilk were treated with various levels of aflatoxins M, and B, and these were recovered by chloroform extraction. A cellulose aqueous methanol partition column was used to purify the chloroform extract, when necessary for samples requiring further purification. The aflatoxin levels were quantitatively measured by visual comparison with aflatoxin standards on TLC plates. Concentrations of aflatoxins IV', and B, in liquid milk 0.1 ppb, in cheese, butter, powder milk, yogurt and butter milk as to sample 0.5-1 ppb could be detected with this method.The study showed that the method was simpler, shorter and more economic than the other methods and reliable.On our milk and milk products were studied by this method and so extracts of 334 samples were tested and no toxicity was found in any.özet: Muhtelif aflatoksin araş tırma metodlarını mukayeseli olarak inceleyerek süt ve süt mamülleri için uygun bir metod geli ştirmeye çal ıştı k. Süt, peynir, süttozu tereya ğ, yoğurt ve ayran ı muhtelif seviyelerde aflatoksin M, ve B, ile muamele ederek, bu toksinleri kloroform ekstraksiyonu ile tekrar geri ald ık. ilave bir temizleme ihtiyac ı gösteren numuneleri selluloz bir kolondan geçirerek temizledik. Aflatoksin seviyelerini, ince tabaka kromatografisi plaklarında, aflatoksin standardlar ı ile göz vasıtasiyle ınukayese ederek miktar ı olarak ölçtük. Bu metodla sütte litrede 0,1 mikrogram, di ğerlerinde numuneye göre 0,5-1 mikrogram aflaktoksin M, ve B, i tesbit edebildik.Çalışmalarımız metodun diğer metodlardan daha basit, daha k ısa ve daha ekonomik ve ayn ı zamanda onlar kadar hassas oldu ğunu gösterdi.Süt mamüllerimiz üzerinde bu n ıetodla ara ştırma yaparak muhtelif tür süt ve süt mamülünü analizledik. Teste tâbi tuttu ğumuz 334 numunenin hiç birinde tesbit edilebilir s ı-nırlar içerisinde aflatoksine rastlamad ık.

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Milk of Mammals Fed an Aflatoxin-Containing Diet

Cited by 151 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of an alternative spectroscopic approach for aflatoxin analysis: Comparative analysis of food and feed samples with UPLC–MS/MS

Evaluation of an alternative spectroscopic approach for aflatoxin analysis: Comparative analysis of food and feed samples with UPLC–MS/MS

Biotransformation of Aflatoxin B1 and Its Relationship with the Differential Toxicological Response to Aflatoxin in Commercial Poultry Species

SÜT VE SÜT MAMÜLLERİNDE AFLATOXİNE M, ve B, ARANMASI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR

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