Milk of patients with tightly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has normal macronutrient and fatty acid composition

Beusekom, C.M. van; Zeegers, T. A.; Martini, Ia; Velvis, Herman J. R.; Visser, G. H. A.; Doormaal, Jasper J. van; Muskiet, Frits A. J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/57.6.938

Cited by 60 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Note, milk glucose concentrations have been shown to be proportional to blood glucose concentrations (16,23), leading to increased glucose levels in the colostrum of diabetic mothers (18). As colostrum is synthesized even in late pregnancy (24), one has to expect metabolic alterations in this period to be mirrored in colostrum, possibly even regardless of maternal metabolism postpartum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Impact of Breast-Feeding on Body Weight and Glucose Tolerance in Children of Diabetic Mothers

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE -Offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM) are at increased risk of developing overweight and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Recently, we observed that early neonatal ingestion of breast milk from diabetic mothers (DBM) may dose-dependently increase the risk of overweight in childhood. Here, we investigate whether DBM intake during the late neonatal period and early infancy also influences later adipogenic and diabetogenic risk in ODM.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A total of 112 ODM were evaluated for influence of DBM ingestion during the late neonatal period (2nd-4th neonatal week) and early infancy on relative body weight (RBW) and glucose tolerance in early childhood. RESULTS -Exclusive breast-feeding was associated with increased childhood RBW (P ϭ 0.011). Breast-fed ODM had an increased risk of overweight (odds ratio 1.98 [95% CI 1.12-3.50]). Breast-feeding duration was also positively related to childhood RBW (P ϭ 0.004) and 120-min blood glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (P ϭ 0.022). However, adjustment for the DBM volume ingested during the early neonatal period, i.e., 1st week of life, eliminated all these relations with late neonatal breast-feeding and its duration. Interestingly, no relationship was observed between maternal blood glucose in the middle of the third trimester and the outcome.CONCLUSIONS -Neither late neonatal DBM intake nor the duration of breast-feeding has an independent influence on childhood risk of overweight or IGT in ODM. Therefore, the 1st week of life appears to be the critical window for nutritional programming in ODM by ingestion of maternal "diabetic" breast milk. Diabetes Care 28:1457-1462, 2005B reast feeding was variously shown to protect against later overweight and diabetes (1-6). This effect is attributed to differences in the composition of formula compared with breast milk (3). Offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM) are at increased risk of developing overweight and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) even in childhood (7-10). Underlying mechanisms are still not understood. Clinical (8 -10) and experimental (11-13) studies have shown that a diabetic intrauterine environment plays a key role in programming of increased susceptibility to overweight and diabetes.We recently observed that ingestion of breast milk from diabetic mothers (diabetic breast milk; DBM) during the 1st neonatal week may dose-dependently lead to increased rather than decreased risk of overweight in later childhood of ODM (14). This lasting deleterious effect of DBM ingestion might result from altered macronutrient and hormonal milk composition (15-18).However, as the study addressed the early neonatal nutrition, results did not show whether breast-feeding after the 1st neonatal week also has any lasting influence. The vast majority of studies on the influence of breast-feeding on later disease risk ignored whether the mother was affected by a noncommunicable, i.e., metabolic disease, during lactation and, moreover, focused only on whether breast-feeding and/or the duration of breast-f...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lasting deleterious effect of DBM ingestion might result from altered macronutrient and hormonal milk composition (15)(16)(17)(18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Impact of Breast-Feeding on Body Weight and Glucose Tolerance in Children of Diabetic Mothers

et al. 2005

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“…This is in agreement with the results of the only other study on breast-feeding in Type I diabetes where Plagemann et al (2002) found (in 118 infants) that early ingestion of breast milk of diabetic mothers increases the risk of becoming overweight. The reasons for such overweight may include higher glucose levels in breast milk and especially higher insulin levels in milk of women with diabetes (Butte et al, 1987;Jovanovic-Peterson et al, 1989;Neubauer, 1990;van Beusekom et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of breast milk of diabetic mothers on bodyweight of the offspring in the first year of life

et al. 2004

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Objective: There is increasing evidence that in healthy populations, breast-fed infants are leaner than formula-fed infants. It is of interest to know the effects of breast-feeding on infant weight in case of maternal diabetes, given the high incidence of fetal macrosomia and risk of childhood obesity in this population. Design and Subjects: As part of a nation-wide study in the Netherlands on diabetes and pregnancy, 229 women with Type 1 diabetes were sent a questionnaire on weight and height of their infant, the type of nutrition given during the first 6 weeks of life, the duration of lactation and intercurrent diseases during the first year of life. Results and conclusion: Our data show no significant difference between breast-,formula-, and mixed-fed infants in weight and body mass index (BMI) at 1 y of age, which is not in accordance with the findings in nondiabetic populations. Sponsorship: Novo Nordisk Farma BV, Alphen aan de Rijn, the Netherlands and the Cornelis Visser Foundation.

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“…Milk from diabetic mothers is high in glucose, total protein, and lipase, and it is lower in fat antibody, complement protein and microbicidal activity 2012). Adequate glycemic control in diabetic mothers is crucial to correct any abnormalities in the milk composition (Vanbeusekom et al, 1993;.…”

Section: The Effect Of Breastfeeding On Breast Cancer and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repercussions of Breastfeeding by Diabetic Women for Breast Cancer

França

França-Botelho²,

França³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Diabetes represents a serious health problem. In the diabetic state, alterations in metabolism, increased susceptibility to infections and immunological changes occur. The suppression of the immune response has been identified as a relevant factor that contributes to the increase in the rate of infections in these patients. At the same time, breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in women. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed that immune cells functionally regulate epithelial cancer development and progression. Breastfeeding has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, early systematic reviews have not yielded consistent findings for this association. The demand for human milk is increasing due to the promotion and consumer acceptance of the health benefits of consuming a natural product rich in bioactive components. However, due to changes in glucose metabolism, the components of the milk from diabetic women are modified depending on the time of evaluation. In this literature review, we summarize important new findings revealing the paradoxical role of breastfeeding in preventing the onset of breast cancer in diabetic mothers. We hypothesized that the milk component production in diabetic mothers is affected by changes in glucose metabolism. Therefore, adequate maternal glycemic control and an adequate duration of breastfeeding for diabetic mothers are crucial to ensure that the immunity components are able to confer protection against breast cancer.

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Milk of patients with tightly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has normal macronutrient and fatty acid composition

Cited by 60 publications

References 38 publications

Long-Term Impact of Breast-Feeding on Body Weight and Glucose Tolerance in Children of Diabetic Mothers

Long-Term Impact of Breast-Feeding on Body Weight and Glucose Tolerance in Children of Diabetic Mothers

Effect of breast milk of diabetic mothers on bodyweight of the offspring in the first year of life

Repercussions of Breastfeeding by Diabetic Women for Breast Cancer

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