Milk proteins as mastitis markers in dairy ruminants - a systematic review

Giagu, Anna; Penati, Martina; Traini, Sara; Dore, Simone; Addis, Maria Filippa

doi:10.1007/s11259-022-09901-y

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The most convenient and commonly used indirect method is probably the California mastitis test, which is based on the visual evaluation of the milk viscosity following addition of a reactive [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Otherwise, measuring milk electrical conductivity [ 6 , 12 , 13 ], or the identification of protein biomarkers (e.g., interleukins, lactoferrin, cytokines, amyloid A, haptoglobin) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method could help to identify the presence of inflammation [ 14 ]. However, all these methods are not useful to identify the causative pathogens that cause the CM or SCM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Intramammary Infection: Meta-Analysis and Mapping Review on Frequency and Udder Health Relevance of Microorganism Species Isolated from Bovine Milk Samples

Kurban

Roy

Kabera

et al. 2022

Animals

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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry provides accurate species-level identification of many, microorganisms retrieved from bovine milk samples. However, not all those microorganisms are pathogenic. Our study aimed to: (1) determine the species-specific prevalence of microorganisms identified in bovine milk of apparently healthy lactating quarters vs. quarters with clinical mastitis (CM); and (2) map current information and knowledge gaps on udder health relevance of microorganisms retrieved from bovine milk samples. A mixed study design (meta-analysis and mapping review) was chosen. We gathered several large Canadian, US and Brazilian data sets of MALDI-TOF results for organisms cultured from quarter milk samples. For meta-analysis, two datasets (apparently healthy quarters vs. CM samples) were organized. A series of meta-analyses was conducted to determine microorganisms’ prevalence. Then, each species reported was searched through PubMed to investigate whether inflammation (increased somatic cell count (SCC) or signs of CM) was associated with microorganism’s recovery from milk. A total of 294 different species of microorganisms recovered from milk samples were identified. Among 50,429 quarter-milk samples from apparently healthy quarters, the 5 most frequent species were Staphylococcus chromogenes (6.7%, 95% CI 4.5–9.2%), Aerococcus viridans (1.6%, 95% CI 0.4–3.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.5%, 95% CI 0.5–2.8%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (0.9%, 95% CI 0.4–1.5%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis (0.7%, 95% CI 0.2–1.6%). Among the 43,924 quarter-milk CM samples, the 5 most frequent species were Escherichia coli (11%, 95% CI 8.1–14.3%), Streptococcus uberis (8.5%, 95% CI 5.3–12.2%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (7.8%, 95% CI 4.9–11.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (7.8%, 95% CI 4.4–11.9%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.6%, 95% CI 3.4–8.2%). When conducting the PubMed literature search, there were 206 species identified by MALDI-TOF for which we were not able to find any information regarding their association with CM or SCC. Some of them, however, were frequently isolated in our multi-country dataset from the milk of quarters with CM (e.g., Citrobacter koseri, Enterococcus saccharolyticus, Streptococcus gallolyticus). Our study provides guidance to veterinarians for interpretation of milk bacteriology results obtained using MALDI-TOF and identifies knowledge gaps for future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Intramammary Infection: Meta-Analysis and Mapping Review on Frequency and Udder Health Relevance of Microorganism Species Isolated from Bovine Milk Samples

Kurban

Roy

Kabera

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…In this study, individual milk samples were collected from a total of 120 primiparous Holstein Friesian cows during routinely mastitis screening tests and subjected to MALDI-TOF MS analysis to detect peptide/protein profiles suggestive of the subclinical form of the disease. Indeed, bovine mastitis is able to modify the milk proteome and several proteins have been reported to be differently abundant during mammary gland inflammation ( 12 ). To compare healthy subjects with cows potentially affected by subclinical mastitis, the milk samples were classified according to the SCC measurement, setting the 200,000 cell/ml value as a threshold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to SCC, another parameter that could be investigated and correlated to mammary gland inflammation is the protein composition of milk ( 12 ). During mastitis, milk proteins are enriched by host immune proteins, such as cytokines, acute phase proteins, chemokines, and lactoferrin, but also by bacterial enzymes, mainly proteases ( 12 , 13 ). Several studies have explored the potentiality of protein biomarkers as alternative/integrative diagnostic tools by means of different approaches ( 13 – 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiling of bovine skim milk for subclinical mastitis detection

et al. 2022

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IntroductionMastitis is one of most impacting health issues in bovine dairy farming that reduces milk yield and quality, leading to important economic losses. Subclinical forms of the disease are routinely monitored through the measurement of somatic cell count (SCC) and microbiological tests. However, their identification can be tricky, reducing the possibilities of early treatments. In this study, a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry approach was applied to milk samples collected from cows classified according to the SCC, to identify differences in polypeptide/protein profiles.Materials and methodsTwenty-nine raw milk samples with SCC >200,000 cell/ml (group H) and 91 samples with SCC lower than 200,000 (group L) were randomly collected from 12 dairy farms. Spectral profiles from skim milk were acquired in the positive linear mode within the 4,000–20,000 m/z mass acquisition range.Results and discussionBased on signal intensity, a total of 24 peaks emerged as significant different between the two groups. The most discriminant signals (4,218.2 and 4,342.98 m/z) presented a ROC curve with AUC values higher than 0.8. Classification algorithms (i.e., quick classifier, genetic algorithm, and supervised neural network) were applied for generating models able to classify new spectra (i.e., samples) into the two classes. Our results support the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiling as a tool to detect mastitic milk samples and to potentially discover biomarkers of the disease. Thanks to its rapidity and low-cost, such method could be associated with the SCC measurement for the early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.

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“…However, a comparative test showed that this diagnostic tool’s applicability is limited, and its accuracy is lower compared to other methods, such as the California mastitis test [ 117 , 126 , 127 ]. Other possible biomarkers for mastitis diagnosis, such as procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) [ 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 ], as well as lactose [ 70 ] are now the subject of research and analysis.…”

Section: On-farm and Lab Methods For Monitoring Udder Health And Milk...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality

Neculai-Văleanu¹,

Ariton²

2022

Bioengineering

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To maximize milk production, efficiency, and profits, modern dairy cows are genetically selected and bred to produce more and more milk and are fed copious quantities of high-energy feed to support ever-increasing milk volumes. As demands for increased milk yield and milking efficiency continue to rise to provide for the growing world population, more significant stress is placed on the dairy cow’s productive capacity. In this climate, which is becoming increasingly hotter, millions of people depend on the capacity of cattle to respond to new environments and to cope with temperature shocks as well as additional stress factors such as solar radiation, animal crowding, insect pests, and poor ventilation, which are often associated with an increased risk of mastitis, resulting in lower milk quality and reduced production. This article reviews the impact of heat stress on milk production and quality and emphasizes the importance of udder health monitoring, with a focus on the use of emergent methods for monitoring udder health, such as infrared thermography, biosensors, and lab-on-chip devices, which may promote animal health and welfare, as well as the quality and safety of dairy products, without hindering the technological flow, while providing significant benefits to farmers, manufacturers, and consumers.

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Milk proteins as mastitis markers in dairy ruminants - a systematic review

Cited by 24 publications

References 77 publications

Diagnosing Intramammary Infection: Meta-Analysis and Mapping Review on Frequency and Udder Health Relevance of Microorganism Species Isolated from Bovine Milk Samples

Diagnosing Intramammary Infection: Meta-Analysis and Mapping Review on Frequency and Udder Health Relevance of Microorganism Species Isolated from Bovine Milk Samples

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry profiling of bovine skim milk for subclinical mastitis detection

Udder Health Monitoring for Prevention of Bovine Mastitis and Improvement of Milk Quality

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