Millimeter wave method in the water content determination in materials and media

Millimeter wave spectroscopy of rocks and fluids

“…For an oil sample with no water present we get an index of 1.52 (permittivity 2.31). This agrees with published values at 2 mm wavelength [11].…”

“…Over the course of several weeks, permittivity meaurements were repeatable to better than half a percent. These results are consistent with those in [11] who looked at oil/water emulsions with water content of .5% and 1%. Both of these sets of measurements are well-fit by the Maxwell-Garnett mixing model [9]:…”

“…This agrees with published values at 2 mm wavelength. 11 To see how sensitive our technique is to the presence of water, we prepared two additional samples, by mixing distilled water with the oil and agitating to form a fine suspension. One sample had 5% water and one 10%.…”

“…The paper [6] has an interesting history of the developement and use of the BWO for millimeter and submillimeter work. And at the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics in Moscow, the group of V. Meriakri has done very interesting work on the application of these techniques to characterization of a wide variety practically important materials, including petroleum (e.g., [10,11]). Similar techniques were used to assess dielectric measurements as a means to monitor fluid flow around waste repositories [3].…”

THz quasioptics applications in security

“…To increase the "longevity" of dipoles during discharges we have offered to fill in space between dipoles by liquid. In the Table the properties of low-loss liquids are shown [28]. In Table below n is the real part of the complex refractive index n * =n−ik and the loss tangent tanδ=2nk/(n 2 −k 2 ).…”