Millimeter-Wave Photonics for Communications and Phased Arrays

Nanzer, Jeffrey A.; Wichman, Adam; Klamkin, Jonathan; McKenna, Timothy P.; Clark, Thomas R.

doi:10.1080/01468030.2015.1063741

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Measured delay spectra and the corresponding fits for single ORR at various current levels. The crosses denote the measured delays, whereas the solid curves denote the fits that use the model in (1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M ILLIMETER wave (mmW) frequencies are attractive for broadband point-to-point wireless communications due to the large available bandwidth, compact antenna size, and potential use in commercial 5G applications [1]. The W band, ranging from 75 GHz to 110 GHz, is particularly suitable for long-haul communications due to the relatively low atmospheric attenuation of less than 1 dB/km in clear weather and 2 dB/km in light rain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microwave Photonics (MWP) is a frequency agile technology for microwave signal generations over all RF bands. Particularly, in W band, MWP is more promising for mmW generation at such high frequency than traditional RF circuits due to the low loss of optical fiber and the immunity to electromagnetic interference [1], [3]. In combination with true time delays (TTDs), which mitigate the beam squint issue incurred by using phase shifters [4], MWP is particularly suitable for beam forming for mmW phased array antennas (PAA) with high bit rate communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tuning Optimization of Ring Resonator Delays for Integrated Optical Beam Forming Networks

Liu

Wichman

Isaac

et al. 2017

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Comprehensive tuning optimization of an integrated optical ring resonator (ORR) based 1 × 4 optical beam forming network (OBFN) for W-band millimeter wave (mmW) phased arrays is reported. The OBFN chip is implemented using a ultralow loss silicon nitride technology and a two stage binary tree topology. The delay responses of a single-and multiORR delay line were carefully measured, and the results agree well with a lossless theoretical model. Tuning of an ORR was calibrated and verification experiments were performed to verify the tuning accuracy. A flattened delay response for a 3-ORR delay line was achieved, demonstrating a bandwidth of 6 GHz and dynamic tuning range of 209 ps, which corresponds to a phase shift of 33.4π for an 80-GHz signal. A larger bandwidth can be achieved by reducing the dynamic tuning range. The result is promising for high data rate mmW communications with beamforming. Index Terms-Microwave photonics, millimeter wave communication, optical ring resonators, phased arrays, photonic integrated circuits, true time delays.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning Optimization of Ring Resonator Delays for Integrated Optical Beam Forming Networks

Liu

Wichman

Isaac

et al. 2017

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Significant breakthroughs in electronic mmW systems have occurred in areas of communications [6], remote sensing [7], and sensors [8]. Despite this, the EIC approach for mmW beamforming and beam steering has severe drawbacks such as bandwidth limitation, large propagation loss, limited tunability, weak electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity, and distortion [4], [9]. The two types of EIC based mmW beamforming and beam steering approaches are: 1) classical phase shifter [10], [11], which although efficient for narrow band PAA systems, have large insertion loss and beam squint phenomena at wider bandwidth operation [12]; 2) True time delay (TTD) [12], [13] approach, which overcomes bandwidth and distortion limitations, but alternatively suffers from frequency dependent insertion loss and inefficient scaling leading to increased power and chip real estate [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of RF On-Chip Antennas in Si-Based Integrated Microwave Photonics

2021

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We investigate the monolithic integration of RF antennas onto a silicon-based integrated microwave photonics (IMWP) chip for short-range millimeter-wave (mmW) communication. The unification of antenna with photonic integrated circuits (PICs) reduces system loss for high data rate communication by eliminating parasitic interconnects. This integration of electronics (antenna) with photonics will be a key milestone leading to increased bandwidth capability and ubiquitous wireless links for emerging applications such as 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous vehicles, high data rate point-to-point communication, and wireless sensors. Through simulation above 20 GHz, we compare the transmission of three on-chip antenna structures designed in a commercial silicon photonics (SiPh) process and consider them for both inter and intra-chip communication. Results provide insight on the transmission gain variations relative to the antenna orientation from their distinct radiation pattern. The folded monopole structure provides superior gain, smaller footprint with layout flexibility, and good transmission spectra. The analysis supports the idea of a monolithic mmW transmitter integrated with on-chip antennas on IMWP chip.

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“…Integrated photonics technology is an effective approach to address concerns of cost, size, weight and power consumption (CSWaP) of the devices [11], and is particularly advantageous for the realization of tunable optical TTDs allowing for precise path length control and feeding large scale phased array antennas (PAAs). It is also possible to integrate the OBFN with other optical components such as optical filtering [12], light sources, detectors, and modulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low-Loss Silicon Nitride Optical Beamforming Network for Wideband Wireless Applications

Liu

Wichman

Isaac

et al. 2018

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Three optical ring resonator (ORR)-based integrated ultra-low-loss silicon nitride 1 × 4 optical beamforming networks (OBFNs) for millimeter-wave (mmW) beamsteering are reported. The group delay ripple of multi-ORR delay line was theoretically optimized and quantitatively studied by applying a genetic algorithm. The optimized 3-ORR delay true time delay (TTD) responses were experimentally achieved with 208.7 ps and 172.4 ps of delay tuning range for bandwidth of 6.3 GHz and 8.7 GHz, corresponding to a phase shift of 17.1π and 14.1π for 41 GHz mmW signal. The TTD performance of the 3-ORR delay line was also verified by controlling the delay of 3 Gbps data stream. A 22 • beamsteering angle equivalent OBFN delay distribution was achieved for 41 GHz half-wavelength dipole antenna array. Both the theoretical analysis and experiments exhibit that the topology with one ring shared could balance the system complexity and TTD bandwidth well. Using heterodyne up-conversion technology and a single delay path, 41 GHz mmW signal with 3 Gbps OOK NRZ data modulation was generated and delayed. Index Terms-Microwave photonics, photonic integrated circuits, true time delays, optical ring resonators, millimeter wave communication, phased arrays.

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Millimeter-Wave Photonics for Communications and Phased Arrays

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Tuning Optimization of Ring Resonator Delays for Integrated Optical Beam Forming Networks

Tuning Optimization of Ring Resonator Delays for Integrated Optical Beam Forming Networks

An Analysis of RF On-Chip Antennas in Si-Based Integrated Microwave Photonics

Ultra-Low-Loss Silicon Nitride Optical Beamforming Network for Wideband Wireless Applications

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