Mindfulness and Balanced Time Perspective: Predictive Model of Psychological Well-Being and Gender Differences in College Students

Fuentes, Andrea; Oyanadel, Cristián; Zimbardo, Philip; González-Loyola, Melissa; Olivera-Figueroa, Lening A.; Castro, Wenceslao Peñate

doi:10.3390/ejihpe12030022

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Nonetheless, this pattern appears to be affected by mindfulness-based traits. A recent study reported a stronger connection between a balanced time perspective, mindfulness-related traits and psychological well-being among a sample of female, compared to male, college students [ 75 ]. In light of this evidence, we suggest that despite males being possibly more prone to the salience of the present moment compared to females, increasing their expertise in mindfulness and/or meditation techniques that adopt awareness-based features could potentially help female practitioners in becoming more prone to the present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Time Perception Following the Place of Pre-Existence Technique

Pintimalli¹,

Glicksohn

Marson

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Time perception is closely related to spatial and bodily perception, yet little is known about how this interrelationship is impacted by meditation and biological sex. To examine this, we studied the effects of a stepwise application of three meditation techniques, from focused attention, to open monitoring to non-dual meditation, encompassed in the Place of Pre-Existence technique (PPEt) on the subjective perception of time, space and body using a pre–post research design. A total of 280 participants (mean age = 47.09 years; SD = 10.13; 127:153 males to females) completed the Subjective Time, Self, Space inventory before and after PPEt. Following PPEt, participants perceived time passing as slowing down, while time intensity, relaxation, ‘awareness of space’ and ‘awareness of body’ increased, suggesting heightened mindfulness to these constructs following the training. Awareness of space revealed to be modulated by biological sex and meditation expertise, with males showing a decrease of spatial awareness as a function of meditation expertise while females showed an opposite pattern. The speed and intensity of the experience of time both correlated with body and space awareness. In line with previous studies demonstrating a connection between relaxation and perception of time, a significant correlation was found between relaxation and the subjective experience of the intensity of time. The current results are discussed in the context of the embodied experience of time, and the Sphere Model of Consciousness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Time Perception Following the Place of Pre-Existence Technique

Pintimalli¹,

Glicksohn

Marson

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Regarding recommendations for cancer care, it appears that time perspectives among cancer patients are disproportionate and somehow stiffened. This is potentially of great importance since balanced and proportionately developed perspectives, including the ability to flexibly switch between them, are considered a predictor of well-being ( Fuentes et al, 2022 ). Results of this study indicate that the space of possible therapeutic intervention concerns present hedonism and transcendental future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rhythm of chemotherapy and cancer patients’ time perspectives

Moskalewicz

Kordel

Sterna

2022

PeerJ

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Background While it is well known that illnesses such as cancer modify the experience of time, the impact of the rhythm and length of treatment on patients’ time perspectives remains unknown. Methods A short version of Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Transcendental Future Perspective Questionnaire as well as a demographic questionnaire on a convenience sample of 259 patients (66.8% female, mean age 52.36) with various cancers and undergoing chemotherapy with different frequencies (1, 2, 3 weeks) and mean time in treatment 23.4 months. Results The temporal perspectives mean scores of cancer patients are: positive past 3.69, negative past 3.13, present hedonism 3.08, future 3.77, transcendental future 3.40. Patients tend only slightly to lose faith alongside the course of oncological treatment regardless of their age (ρ = − 0.210, p < 0.01). The frequency of chemotherapy mildly differentiates temporal perspectives of patients regarding present hedonism and transcendental future: a weekly treatment is more disturbing than the triweekly one and no treatment in terms of hedonism, while patients not in chemo score significantly higher in transcendental future than patients in biweekly and triweekly chemo. Conclusions The variations of treatment rhythm are less significant than predicted, although still relevant. Since most sociodemographic variables are of no relevance, cancer experience likely unifies temporal perspectives among people of different backgrounds.

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“…Regarding future directions, several factors exist that could potentially influence TP, acculturative stress and coping. Some of these other factors include well-being, life satisfaction, and mindfulness, among many others (Fuentes et al, 2022;Olivera-Figueroa et al, 2016. Nonetheless, these factors were not measured on this study, which by design was focused on the constructs of TP, acculturative stress and coping strategies.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of time perspective and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive stress coping strategies of Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico and the state of Connecticut in mainland United States

et al. 2022

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We assessed the role of Time Perspective (TP) and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies, across healthy and treatment-seeking Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico (PR), as well as at the state of Connecticut in mainland United States (US). Participants were comprised of 197 adults from the island of PR, as well as 138 adults from Connecticut. TP was measured through five categories assessed by the Zimbardo TP Inventory (Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, Present Hedonistic, and Future), the Deviation from a Balanced Time Perspective-revisited (DBTPr) coefficient, and the Deviation from the Negative Time Perspective (DNTP) coefficient. Acculturative stress was measured with the Acculturative Distress Scale. Adaptive and maladaptive stress-coping were measured through the Brief COPE Inventory. DNTP predicted adaptive coping, whereas acculturative stress, Present Hedonistic, and DBTPr predicted maladaptive coping. Puerto Ricans living in Connecticut engaged more often in maladaptive coping than those in PR. Acculturative stress partially mediated the influence of DBTPr on maladaptive coping. DNTP mediated the influence of state on adaptive coping. DBTPr and acculturative stress totally mediated the influence of state on maladaptive coping. These findings suggest that assessing TP, levels of acculturative stress, and coping strategies could assist in tailoring evidence-based interventions to the specific needs of Puerto Rican populations. Doing so could be effective in promoting a Balanced Time Perspective, reducing acculturative stress, increasing adaptive coping, and improving mental as well as physical health, on Puerto Ricans living in PR or mainland US.

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Mindfulness and Balanced Time Perspective: Predictive Model of Psychological Well-Being and Gender Differences in College Students

Cited by 14 publications

References 65 publications

Change in Time Perception Following the Place of Pre-Existence Technique

Change in Time Perception Following the Place of Pre-Existence Technique

The rhythm of chemotherapy and cancer patients’ time perspectives

The role of time perspective and acculturative stress on adaptive and maladaptive stress coping strategies of Puerto Ricans living in the island of Puerto Rico and the state of Connecticut in mainland United States

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