Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Neuroticism (Stress Vulnerability): A Pilot Randomized Study

Armstrong, Lauren; Rimes, Katharine A.

doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.12.005

Cited by 159 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Assessing neuroticism may allow for early detection of premorbid predisposition of insomnia, the first of Spielman’s 3 Ps [5]. Coping with neuroticism has been shown feasible using both cognitive and cognitive behavioral interventions [41,42,43]. Moreover, knowledge about the personality traits that are characteristic of insomnia may provide clues on underlying causes of vulnerability to develop insomnia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insomnia and Personality—A Network Approach

2017

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Studies on personality traits and insomnia have remained inconclusive about which traits show the most direct associations with insomnia severity. It has moreover hardly been explored how traits relate to specific characteristics of insomnia. We here used network analysis in a large sample (N = 2089) to obtain an integrated view on the associations of personality traits with both overall insomnia severity and different insomnia characteristics, while distinguishing direct from indirect associations. We first estimated a network describing the associations among the five factor model personality traits and overall insomnia severity. Overall insomnia severity was associated with neuroticism, agreeableness, and openness. Subsequently, we estimated a separate network describing the associations among the personality traits and each of the seven individual items of the Insomnia Severity Index. This revealed relatively separate clusters of daytime and nocturnal insomnia complaints, that both contributed to dissatisfaction with sleep, and were both most directly associated with neuroticism and conscientiousness. The approach revealed the strongest direct associations between personality traits and the severity of different insomnia characteristics and overall insomnia severity. Differentiating them from indirect associations identified the targets for improving Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for insomnia with the highest probability of effectively changing the network of associated complaints.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insomnia and Personality—A Network Approach

2017

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“…Of note, the extent of cognitive decline in the high VS group approaches that of the normative mild cognitive impairment range (24), whereas the global cognitive functioning of the low VS group remained stable over the same 10 year period. These findings call attention to high VS as a risk factor for cognitive decline in LLD and raise speculation as to whether interventions targeting VS could stabilize cognitive decline in LLD (28). The effect size of high VS and the traits of impulsivity, anger-hostility, anxiety on worse depression course could also be considered clinically significant in the context of evidence suggesting there is no absolute MADRS threshold that must be reached for predicting depression relapse and, thus, any decline in MADRS score (even one point) is associated with a lower risk of relapse over time (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroticism Traits Selectively Impact Long Term Illness Course and Cognitive Decline in Late-Life Depression

Manning

Chan

Steffens

2017

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objectives Neuroticism is a broad construct that conveys a predisposition to experience psychological distress and negative mood states. Vulnerability to stress (VS) is one neuroticism trait that has been linked to worse mood and cognitive outcomes in older adults. We hypothesized that elevated VS would be associated with worse illness course and cognitive decline in older adults with late-life major depression (LLD). Design Participants were enrolled in the Neurocognitive Outcomes of Depression in the Elderly (NCODE), a longitudinal investigation of the predictors of poor illness course and cognitive decline in LLD. Participants were followed upwards of 10 years. Setting NCODE operates in a naturalistic treatment milieu. Participants 112 participants aged 60 and older with a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Measurements Treatment response was assessed at least every three months and more often if clinically needed. Participants also completed the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) and an annual cognitive examination. Neuroticism traits from the NEO PI-R included anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, self-consciousness, impulsivity, and VS. Results Higher neuroticism traits of VS, impulsivity, anger-hostility, and anxiety were associated with worse treatment response over time. High VS was the only neuroticism trait significantly associated with cognitive functioning. High VS negatively influenced the rate of global cognitive decline over time. Conclusions Individual personality traits within the neuroticism dimension are associated with treatment resistance and cognitive impairment in LLD. It remains to be seen whether these individual traits are associated with different neurobiological substrates and clinical characteristics of LLD.

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“…Given that personality significantly changes across treatments and characteristic adaptations mediate symptom improvement (e.g., Arch et al, 2012;Armstrong & Rimes, 2016;Costa et al, 2005), we specifically recommend for therapists to strive to alter personality characteristics that impair functioning (e.g., high neuroticism) by targeting associated dysfunctional characteristic adaptations (e.g., negative automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, ruminative styles). We have argued that information gathered from personality assessments can be used in at least four broad ways: (a) to provide therapists with an understanding of which personality traits serve to maintain symptoms, (b) to help therapists identify personality factors that interfere with treatment (e.g., therapeutic alliance and treatment compliance), (c) to guide therapists to determine the best course of treatment for each patient, and (d) to embolden patients to broaden desired treatment goals beyond symptom improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the five‐factor model in personality assessment and treatment planning.

Bagby

Gralnick

Al‐Dajani

et al. 2016

Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice

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Nearly two decades ago, Harkness and Lilienfeld (1997) published a seminal article in which they articulated the potential roles that personality assessment might play in treatment planning. Four broad areas were outlined, including how personality assessment can (a) inform where to focus change efforts, (b) foster realistic expectations of therapeutic gains, (c) facilitate effective treatment matching, and (d) enhance self-development. We review the literature examining the role of personality assessment in treatment, using these four recommendations as a framework. We conclude that more research is needed to test (a) whether changes in characteristic adaptations mediate effects of basic personality dispositions on symptom improvement, (b) the effect of personality on treatment motivation and homework compliance, (c) the role of personality in the prediction of various aspects of psychotherapy, and (d) the efficacy of therapeutic assessment techniques using measures of universal personality traits. We also assert, more generally, that although the field has progressed to some extent in the past two decades, clinical psychologists should cultivate and advance a stronger recognition of how personality assessment can be used to enhance treatment interventions. We believe positive treatment is optimized if psychotherapists or other providers of intervention are equipped with information from personality assessment to select treatment modalities and construct treatment plans.Clinical psychologists possess highly specialized and unique skillsets in their capacity to deliver evidencebased therapies and discipline-specific training in psychological assessment (American Psychological Association, 2016). Yet despite this unique combination of skill and knowledge, it is uncommon for clinical psychologists to use evidence-based personality assessment to inform treatment decisions. One explanation for this is that research examining the role of personality assessment in treatment is not sufficiently developed to inform empirically supported guidelines for psychotherapeutic decision making. There is no shortage, however, of speculation for why and how personality assessments can be used to enhance treatment.Approximately two decades ago, Harkness and Lilienfeld (1997) published a seminal article identifying four ways in which personality assessment can inform treatment planning. These authors suggested that personality assessment could and should be used to (a) inform where to focus change efforts, (b) foster realistic expectations of therapeutic gains, (c) facilitate effective treatment matching, and (d) promote self-development. In the current article, we review the existing empirical research examining the role of personality assessment in treatment, as guided by the framework of these four recommendations. A focus is placed on personality as

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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Neuroticism (Stress Vulnerability): A Pilot Randomized Study

Cited by 159 publications

References 51 publications

Insomnia and Personality—A Network Approach

Insomnia and Personality—A Network Approach

Neuroticism Traits Selectively Impact Long Term Illness Course and Cognitive Decline in Late-Life Depression

The role of the five‐factor model in personality assessment and treatment planning.

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