Mineral Composition and Nutritive Value of Isotonic and Energy Drinks

Abstract

Several very popular brands of isotonic and energy drinks consumed for fluid and electrolyte supplementation and stimulation of mental or physical alertness were chosen for investigation. Liquid beverages available in polyethylene bottles and aluminum cans as well as products in the form of tablets and powder in sachets were studied. The total concentrations of 21 elements (Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn), both essential and toxic, were simultaneously determined in preconcentrated drink samples by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) equipped with pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers. Differences between the mineral compositions of isotonic and energy drinks were evaluated and discussed. The highest content of Na was found in both isotonic and energy drinks, whereas quite high concentrations of Mg were found in isotonic drinks, and the highest amount of calcium was quantified in energy drinks. The concentrations of B, Co, Cu, Ni, and P were higher in isotonic drinks, but energy drinks contained greater quantities of Ag, Cr, Zn, Mn, and Mo and toxic elements, as Cd and Pb. A comparison of element contents with micronutrient intake and tolerable levels was performed to evaluate contribution of the investigated beverages to the daily diet. The consumption of 250 cm(3) of an isotonic drink provides from 0.32% (for Mn) up to 14.8% (for Na) of the recommended daily intake. For the energy drinks, the maximum recommended daily intake fulfillment ranged from 0.02% (for V) to 19.4 or 19.8% (for Mg and Na).

Analysis of urine by MIP-OES: challenges and strategies to correct matrix effects

“…The analysis of complex matrices containing high concentrations of carbon or EIEs by ICP-OES is well established in the literature, 44–49 as well as strategies for correcting non-spectral interferences in this instrumental method. 17 However, the performance of MIP-OES in the analysis of some complex matrices, mainly for direct analysis, still requires a better understanding.…”

“…42 The direct analysis of urine previously diluted in nitric acid 0.14 mol L −1 was reported to be an attractive alternative; however, the matrix effects can affect the nebulization step, transport processes, and plasma energy, thus impairing the results. 43 The analysis of complex matrices containing high concentrations of carbon or EIEs by ICP-OES is well established in the literature, [44][45][46][47][48][49] as well as strategies for correcting non-spectral interferences in this instrumental method. 17 However, the performance of MIP-OES in the analysis of some complex matrices, mainly for direct analysis, still requires a better understanding.…”

Evaluation of physicochemical, functional, and antimicrobial properties of a functional energy drink produced from agricultural wastes of melon seed powder and tea stalk caffeine

“…Measurement of water-soluble vitamins in products was conducted by the methods described by Heudi (2012), while fat-soluble vitamins were determined following the methods described by Moreno and Salvado (2000) via liquid chromatography (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Minerals measuring were performed by methods of Leśniewicz et al (2016) by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).…”

Food profiling using innovative voltammetric metallic-glassy carbon electrodes evaluated by clustering metrics

“…An isotonic drink should have a sodium concentration ranging from 460 to 1150 mg L − 1 and the appropriate content of carbohydrates, i.e., glucose, fructose or sucrose, should be 4-8%. Other ingredients typically present in isotonic drinks are food colourings, preservatives, arti cial sweeteners, ascorbic acid, B-group vitamins, A and E vitamins, folic acid, as well as both essential and toxic minerals in trace concentrations, also caffeine and taurine (Leśniewicz et al 2016;Styburski et al 2020) .…”