Mineral Requirement of Rumen Microorganisms for Cellulose Digestion In Vitro

Hubbert, Farris; Cheng, Edmund; Burroughs, Wise

doi:10.2527/jas1958.173559x

Cited by 53 publications

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“…This result confirms previous studies in which Mg has been shown to affect the digestibility of cellulose by washed suspensions of microorganisms (Hubbert, Cheng and Burroughs, 1958) and the in vitro digestion of poor quality forages (Bales, Kellogg and Urquhart, 1978). This result confirms previous studies in which Mg has been shown to affect the digestibility of cellulose by washed suspensions of microorganisms (Hubbert, Cheng and Burroughs, 1958) and the in vitro digestion of poor quality forages (Bales, Kellogg and Urquhart, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of magnesium supplements on the digestion of forages and milk production of cows with hypomagnesaemia

Wilson

1980

Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT1. Ground forages were digested in vitro in rumen liquor supplemented with four concentrations of magnesium as MgSO4-7H2O (5, 20, 80, 320mg Mg/1) to determine the effects of magnesium on organic matter digestibility. A medium concentration of magnesium (generally 80 mg/1) resulted in optimum digestion although there was a large interaction between forage type and the response to magnesium.2. Supplements of MgSO4-7H2O (2g Mg/day) increased the apparent digestibility of two types of hay fed to sheep, the difference being significant for poor quality hay (P<0·05).3. The milk production of hypomagnesaemic cows given supplementary magnesium either orally, by rectal infusion, or by subcutaneous injection was compared. Plasma magnesium concentrations were increased to a similar and significant extent (P<0·01 ) but a significant increase in milk and fat production occurred only in the orally treated cows (P<0·05).It was concluded that a dietary magnesium deficiency results in reduced rumen fermentation and hence poor production, as well as hypomagnesaemia. It was suggested that the effects on performance of other mineral deficiencies may also be mediated in part through depressions in rumen digestion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of magnesium supplements on the digestion of forages and milk production of cows with hypomagnesaemia

Wilson

1980

Anim. Sci.

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“…Calcium is essential for the growth of ruminal microbes such as the cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes (Bryant et al 1959) and was found to increase cellulose digestion rate by rumen microbes in vitro (Hubbert et al 1958) and in vivo (Grainger et al 1961;Wheeler 1980;Zinn and Shen 1996). In most investigations examining the effect of Ca, immediately available Ca sources like calcium chloride or pure Ca were used and Ca supplementation levels were close to or above the upper level recommended (NRC 1985).…”

Section: Effects Of Calcium On Rumen Microbes and Ruminal Methanogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro ruminal methane suppression by lauric acid as influenced by dietary calcium

Machmüller

Soliva²,

Kreuzer³

2002

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Machmüller, A., Soliva, C. R. and Kreuzer, M. 2002. In vitro ruminal methane suppression by lauric acid as influenced by dietary calcium. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 233-239. The effect of Ca supplementation on the methane-suppressing effect of lauric acid was investigated in an experiment based on a 2 × 2-factorial arrangement using the in vitro system Rusitec. Additional Ca was supplemented at 1 g kg -1 diet in the form of compounds of relatively low solubility in rumen fluid. Lauric acid (C 12:0 ), the predominant effective medium-chain fatty acid in coconut oil, was added at a level of 50 g kg -1 . Adding C 12:0 did not affect bacterial count, but eliminated ciliate protozoa from fermenters. Ammonia concentration in fermentation mixture declined and volatile fatty acid pattern changed with C 12:0 . The apparent degradation rate of total organic matter was not altered by C 12:0 , but fiber fermentation was depressed (P < 0.001). Effects of Ca on microbial counts and fermentation characteristics remained low. Without additional Ca, C 12:0 reduced the average daily methane release (mmol g -1 organic matter degraded) by 76%. In comparison, C 12:0 only reduced methane production by 47% when additional Ca was included in the diet (interaction of C 12:0 and Ca, P < 0.05). The present results suggest that the dietary content of soap-forming Ca has to be kept low in order to achieve a high methane-suppressing effect of lauric acid.Key words: Methane, lauric acid, lipids, calcium, Rusitec, ruminants Machmüller, A., Soliva, C. R. et Kreuzer, M. 2002. Effets du calcium alimentaire sur la suppression in vitro du méthane par de l'acide laurique dans le rumen. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 82: 233-239. L'influence d'une supplémentation de calcium sur l'effet inhibiteur de l'acide laurique sur la méthanogenèse a été examiné dans un essai à 2 × 2-facteurs employant un système in vitro Rusitec. Le calcium a été rajouté à la ration à raison de 1 g kg -1 sous forme de composantes relativement peu solubles dans le liquide ruménal. De l'acide laurique (C 12:0 ), l'acide gras à chaînes moyennes prédominant et le plus efficace dans l'huile de coco, a été rajouté à raison de 50 g kg -1 . L'adjonction de C 12:0 n'a pas affecté le nombre de bactéries, mais a éliminé les protozoaires ciliés du fermenteurs. La concentration d'ammoniac dans le liquide de fermentation a diminué et le profil des acides gras volatils a été modifié par le C 12:0 . La dégradabilité apparente de la matière organique totale n'a pas été altérée par le C 12:0 , mais la fermentation des fibres a baissé (P < 0.001). Les effets du Ca sur le nombre de microorganismes et sur les caractéristiques de fermentation sont restés moindres. Le C 12:0 seul, sans adjonction de Ca, a réduit la production journalière moyenne de méthane (mmol g -1 de matière organique dégradée) de 76%. En comparaison, la réduction n'a été que de 47% en rajoutant le Ca à la ration (interaction entre C 12:0 et Ca, P < 0.05). Ces résultats suggèrent que la teneur de la ration en Ca actif dans la saponification doit ...

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“…However, most research has shown that microorganism requirements for Cu, Mn, and Zn are minimal, much less than those typically provided by ruminant diets (Hubbert et al, 1958;Martinez and Church, 1970). Dietary concentrations of TM well beyond NRC (2000) recommendations are commonly fed in the feedlot industry (Vasconcelos and Galyean, 2007), whereas TM supplementation in the dairy industry remains uncharacterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of trace mineral source and concentration on ruminal digestion and mineral solubility

Genther

Hansen

2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this experiment was to compare the effect of sources of sulfate trace mineral (STM) and hydroxy trace mineral (HTM) at different inclusions on digestibility of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber and solubility of Cu, Mn, and Zn in the rumen and abomasum of cattle. Five ruminally cannulated steers were used in a 5×5 Latin square design and individually fed a corn silage-based diet on an ad libitum basis. The 5 dietary treatments were as follows: control: no supplemental Cu, Mn, or Zn, analyzed to contain 7.4mg of Cu, 30.8mg of Mn, and 32.1mg of Zn per kilogram of diet DM (CON); low sulfate: 5mg of Cu/kg of DM supplemented from CuSO4, 15mg of Mn/kg of DM from MnSO4, and 30mg of Zn/kg of DM from ZnSO4; low HTM: 5mg of Cu/kg of DM supplemented from basic copper chloride (IntelliBond C; Micronutrients Inc., Indianapolis, IN), 15mg of Mn/kg of DM from manganese hydroxychloride (IntelliBond M; Micronutrients Inc.), and 30mg of Zn/kg of DM from zinc hydroxychloride (IntelliBond Z; Micronutrients Inc.); high sulfate: 25mg of Cu/kg of DM supplemented from CuSO4, 60mg of Mn/kg of DM from MnSO4, and 120mg of Zn/kg of DM from ZnSO4; and high HTM: 25mg of Cu/kg of DM supplemented from basic copper chloride, 60mg of Mn/kg of DM from manganese hydroxychloride, and 120mg of Zn/kg of DM from zinc hydroxychloride. Periods lasted for 12d, with 10d of diet adaptation. Dacron bags containing the CON total mixed ration were inserted on d 11 at 0h and were removed at 6, 12, 24, and 36h after insertion. Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearances and rumen and simulated abomasal trace mineral solubilities were evaluated. Dietary treatment did not affect DM intake. Dry matter disappearance was lesser in supplemental TM treatments and greater in CON than the STM treatments, although the CON and HTM treatments did not differ. Neutral detergent fiber disappearance was not affected by treatment. Ruminally soluble Cu and Mn concentrations were least in CON and were lesser in HTM-containing treatments compared with STM treatments. However, in the abomasum, solubilities of Cu and Mn were similar across trace mineral sources. Ruminal and simulated abomasal soluble Zn was greater in the HTM treatments than in CON and STM, driven by the greater solubility of the high HTM treatment. Under the conditions of this study, supplementing trace minerals as STM decreased DM digestibility, whereas HTM did not affect DM digestibility. Additionally, Cu and Mn from HTM sources were relatively insoluble in the rumen but had similar solubility as STM at the pH found in the abomasum, suggesting that these minerals should be available for absorption in the intestine.

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Mineral Requirement of Rumen Microorganisms for Cellulose Digestion In Vitro

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of magnesium supplements on the digestion of forages and milk production of cows with hypomagnesaemia

Effects of magnesium supplements on the digestion of forages and milk production of cows with hypomagnesaemia

In vitro ruminal methane suppression by lauric acid as influenced by dietary calcium

The effect of trace mineral source and concentration on ruminal digestion and mineral solubility

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