Mineral Supplementation

McDowell, L. R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-51367-0.50022-2

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Under conditions similar to those of our study, Arthington and Swenson (2004) found differences between seasons in contents of Ca, P, Na, Mg, Zn, and Cu. According to McDowell (2003) and Haenlein and Ramirez (2007) these differences in the mineral content of diets may be attributed to the interaction of a number of factors including soil, plant species, yield, pasture management, climate (temperature and rainfall) and stages of maturity. A sizable amount on the total Ca, Cu and Zn is associated with the NDF fraction ( Van Soest, 1994 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition, In vitro Gas Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Degradation Patterns of Diets by Grazing Steers in Native Range of North Mexico

Murillo

Herrera

Carrete

et al. 2012

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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The objective of the study was to quantify annual and seasonal differences in the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, in situ degradability and ruminal fermentation of grazing steers’ diets. Diet samples were collected with four esophageal cannulated steers (350±3 kg BW); and four ruminally cannulated heifers (342±1.5 kg BW) were used to study the dry matter degradation and fermentation in rumen. Data were analyzed with repeated measurements split plot design. The crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy were higher during the first year of trial and in the summer (p<0.01). The values of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and copper were higher in summer (p<0.05). The gas produced by the soluble and insoluble fractions, as well as the constant rate of gas production were greater in summer and fall (p<0.01). The ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) and total volatile fatty acids concentrations in rumen, the soluble and degradable fractions, the constant rate of degradation and the effective degradability of DM and NDF were affected by year (p<0.05) and season (p<0.01). Our study provides new and useful knowledge for the formulation of protein, energetic and mineral supplements that grazing cattle need to improve their productive and reproductive performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grazing beef cattle also require a number of minerals for optimal growth and reproduction. According to McDowell (1992) the most critical minerals for grazing cattle are: Ca, P, Na, Co, Cu, Se and Zn. During disease status mineral requirements of cattle may be affected by immune system response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition, In vitro Gas Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Degradation Patterns of Diets by Grazing Steers in Native Range of North Mexico

Murillo

Herrera

Carrete

et al. 2012

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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“…Copper deficiency or hypocuprosis is the second most frequent mineral deficiency in grazing cattle in the world, which causes considerable production losses in well characterized areas (Appleton 1992, McDowell 1992, Underwood & Suttle 1999, Riet-Correa et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic value of copper parameters to predict growth of suckling calves grazing native range in Argentina

et al. 2010

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RESUMO.-[Valor diagnóstico dos parâmetros de cobre para prever o crescimento de bezerros lactantes em pastagem nativas na Argentina.] Foi realizado um estudo para predisser o valor diagnóstico de diferentes parâmetros de cobre (Cu) como indicadores de ganho mé-dio diário (ADG) na criação de bezerros. Também foram avaliados os efeitos da suplementação com Cu nas vacas no último terço da gestação. Cinco ensaios de suplementação, com um total de 300 bezerros, foram realizados. Dois grupos de 30 bezerros foram atribuídos aleatoriamente em cada proba, um grupo foi parenteralmente suplementado (SG) e o outro não foi suplementado (NSG). Os ensaios começaram quando os bezerros tinham três meses de idade e terminou ao tempo do destete. Em cada ensaio os bezerros foram pesados e mostras do sangue foi tomada para determinar as concentrações Cu no plasma, sangue total (WB), eritrócitos (RC) e hematócrito (PCV). Amostras de fígado foram colhidas em seis animais de cada grupo tanto no início quanto no final do ensaio As mães do SG receberam suplementação de Cu no último terço da gestação em dois ensaios. Quatro dos cinco ensaios apresentavam baixa ADG nos NSGs. Nesses grupos, a concentração plasmática de Cu diminuiu rapidamente antes que a baixa do ADG fossei detectada, o que ocorreu com os valores abaixo 25 μg/d. A diminuição da concentração de RC Cu foi bastante lenta. WB mostrou uma posição intermédia. PCV nos SGs foi mais elevado do que nos NSGs em todos os ensaios. A suplementação das vacas foi insuficiente para gerar um armazenamento hepático A study was conducted to evaluate the predictive diagnostic value of different copper (Cu) parameters as indicators of average daily gain (ADG) in growing calves. The effects in calves of cow Cu supplementation in the last one-third gestation period were also evaluated. Five supplementation trials, with a total of 300 calves, were carried out. Two groups of 30 calves were randomly assigned to each trial, one group was parenterally supplemented (SG) and the other was not supplemented (NSG). Trials began when calves were three-month-old and ended at weaning time. At each sampling calves were weighed and blood was taken to determine Cu concentrations in plasma, Whole Blood (WB), Red Cells (RC) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). Liver samples from six animals of each group were taken both at the beginning and at the end of the trial. In two trials the mothers of the SG received Cu supplementation at the last one-third gestation period. Four of the five trials exhibited low ADG in the NSGs. In these groups, plasma Cu concentration decreased rapidly before low ADG was detected, which occurred with values remaining below 25μg/dl. The decrease of RC Cu concentration was considerably slow. WB showed an intermediate position. PCV in the SGs was higher than in the NSGs in all trials. Cow supplementation was insufficient to generate a liver storage able to last after calves reached the 3 months of age. These data could be useful to predict the risk of low ADG in grazing calves.

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“…Boluses are more expensive than other methods of supplementation ( Grace and Knowles, 2012 ). Also there are some concerns regarding the possible regurgitation of boluses ( McDowell, 2003 ) and the duration of efficacy of some boluses which may explain the limited use of the method. Other methods of mineral supplementation, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral and vitamin supplementation on sheep farms:  a survey of practices and farmer knowledge

Hession

Loughrey

Kendall

et al. 2022

Translational Animal Science

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Mineral and vitamin (MV) supplementation is a routine management practice in many pasture based systems of prime lamb production. The aim of the current study was to establish the MV supplementation practices on Irish sheep farms and farmer’s knowledge and opinions in relation to supplementation strategies and MV deficiencies. A survey, consisting of 22 questions, was administered to all farmers participating in the Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) in 2016 which had a sheep enterprise (n=177). The Teagasc NFS is a stratified random sample of farms with each farm assigned a weighting factor so the results are representative of the national population of farms. Sixty-nine percent of respondents supplemented their flocks with MV in addition to concentrate feed. Twenty-two percent supplemented based on laboratory analysis results (soil, herbage, blood or tissue analysis). Thirteen percent supplemented based on veterinary advice with only 30% of this advice based on laboratory analysis results. Sixty-five percent supplemented for reasons other than laboratory analysis or veterinary advice; mainly due to tradition and previous experience. The most common stages to supplement ewes were pregnancy (78%), lactation (61%) and pre-mating (50%). Fifty-one percent supplemented lambs post weaning. Mineral buckets (free access solidified molasses based licks containing MV and in plastic containers) and drenching (oral dosing with MV containing liquid) were the most common methods of supplementing ewes and lambs, respectively. Generic MV products (containing multiple minerals and vitamins) were the most commonly used followed by cobalt only products. Ease of use/labour requirements and cost were the most important factors influencing choice of supplementation method. Forty-six percent rated their level of knowledge on mineral requirements of sheep as ‘limited or no education/knowledge’. Supplementation with MV did not increase (P > 0.05) ewe productivity (number of lambs reared/ewe joined) or gross margin/ewe. It is concluded that most supplementation decisions in sheep production systems are undertaken in the absence of veterinary advice or laboratory results, therefore are not evidence based. Knowledge transfer activities need to be designed to communicate best practice as regards MV supplementation.

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Mineral Supplementation

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Chemical Composition, In vitro Gas Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Degradation Patterns of Diets by Grazing Steers in Native Range of North Mexico

Chemical Composition, In vitro Gas Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Degradation Patterns of Diets by Grazing Steers in Native Range of North Mexico

Diagnostic value of copper parameters to predict growth of suckling calves grazing native range in Argentina

Mineral and vitamin supplementation on sheep farms:  a survey of practices and farmer knowledge

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Mineral Supplementation

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Chemical Composition, In vitro Gas Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Degradation Patterns of Diets by Grazing Steers in Native Range of North Mexico

Chemical Composition, In vitro Gas Production, Ruminal Fermentation and Degradation Patterns of Diets by Grazing Steers in Native Range of North Mexico

Diagnostic value of copper parameters to predict growth of suckling calves grazing native range in Argentina

Mineral and vitamin supplementation on sheep farms: &#x2028;a survey of practices and farmer knowledge

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Mineral and vitamin supplementation on sheep farms:  a survey of practices and farmer knowledge