Mineral trioxide aggregate suppresses pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression via the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells/early growth response 2 pathway in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated macrophages

Abstract

Mineral trioxide aggregate suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells/early growth response 2 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.

Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effects of surface-reaction-type pre-reacted glass-ionomer filler containing root canal sealer in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages

“…This result implies that the reducing action of S-PRG sealer extract involves inhibition of NF-kB signaling, which is a major signal transduction pathway in LPS/Toll-like receptor inflammatory signaling, as well as a key signaling cascade for proinflammatory cytokine expression 24) . This notion is supported by a previous finding that the blockade of NF-kB phosphorylation results in substantial decreases in the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells 40) and dental pulp cells 41) . NF-kB is also involved in osteoclast differentiation 42) and the downregulation of NF-kB signaling contributes to osteoclastogenesis inhibition 43) .…”

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Cell Attachment, and Elemental Characterization of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers

“…While the exact mechanisms behind cell detachment remain uncertain, the higher number of cells on the control cover slips suggests that detachment could be due to the dissolution of the superficial sealer layer in the culture medium. RAW264.7 cells are a well-known and widely used immortalized cell line for studies in endodontics [42,43].…”

Hydraulic calcium silicate-based root canal sealers mitigate proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and promote osteogenesis in vitro

“…Ca 2+ released from MTA was reported to induce Ca 2+ influx via the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), and activate calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling in RAW267.4 cells. 11 CaSR/NFAT signaling then induces early growth response 2, which inhibits the mRNA expressions of IL-1α and IL-6, and promotes the expression of IL-10, a typical anti-inflammatory cytokine, 32 and suppressor of cytokine signal 3, a major regulator of inflammation. 33 In addition, Ca 2+ released from MTA stimulates CaSR/NFAT signaling, which further stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells.…”

“… 8 , 9 MTA has shown favorable clinical outcomes for direct pulp capping, root-end filling, and iatrogenic root perforation repair, 8 which may be attributed to its good biocompatibility, 10 mineralized tissue-inductivity 10 and anti-inflammatory properties. 11 These biological properties of MTA are related to its continuous release of Ca 2+ . 12 …”