Mineralization of Calcium Carbonate in the Presence of O-Phospho-L-Threonine-Containing Polypeptides

Fibrous and Helical Calcite Crystals Induced by Synthetic Polypeptides ContainingO‐Phospho‐L‐Serine andO‐Phospho‐L‐Threonine

“…The detailed chemistry of the L ‐Ser(PO 3 H 2 )‐ and L ‐Thr(PO 3 H 2 )‐containing peptides has been reported in our previous articles,27–30 which described the results of molecular weight characterization, 1 H and 13 C NMR, CD spectra, optical rotations and IR spectra for the synthetic peptides and polypeptides. The degree of polymerization and the amino acid composition of the copolypeptides used here are summarized in Table 1.…”

“…We have studied the synthesis of the phosphorylated peptides and polypeptides containing L ‐Ser(PO 3 H 2 ) or O ‐phospho‐ L ‐threonine [ L ‐Thr(PO 3 H 2 )] residues 25–28. Using these synthetic phosphorylated polypeptides, we reported the modification of CaCO 3 crystallization 27–30. In our previous studies, calcite crystals with fibrous, helical and block shapes were formed under physiological [Ca 2+ ] conditions 27.…”

Random and Sequential Copolypeptides Containing O‐Phospho‐L‐Threonine and L‐Aspartic Acid; Roles in CaCO3 Biomineralization

“…Therefore, like Ser(PO 3 H 2 ), which is the universal phosphorylated residue found in natural biomineral substrate proteins, Thr(PO 3 H 2 ) can actually bind Ca 2þ ions [16] and induce fibrous growth of the calcite. [30,31] The typical sizes of the brushlike calcite crystals were 100-150 mm in length and 30-50 mm in width for copoly[Thr(PO 3 H 2 ) 75 Asp 25 ] and 400-500 mm in length and 30-40 mm in width for poly[Thr(PO 3 H 2 ) 3 -Asp]. The crystal lengths of the brushlike calcite in the presence of sequential polypeptide were rather larger than those with the random copolypeptides.…”

Synthesis of Collagen‐Like Sequential Polypeptides Containing O‐Phospho‐L‐Hydroxyproline and Preparation of Electrospun Composite Fibers for Possible Dental Application

“…[5,6] Thr(PO 3 H 2 )-containing polypeptides also produced the spherical vaterite and the fibrous calcite. [4,7] In particular, the sequential phosphorylated polypeptides have strictly defined polymer structures, in which the number and position of the phosphoryl groups were regularly arranged along the polypeptide chains. Thus, the relationships between the molecular structure of the biomineral matrix proteins and the crystal morphologies can be studied using our synthetic phosphorylated polypeptides.…”

“…For example, poly[Ser(PO 3 H 2 ) 75 ‐co‐ Asp 25 ] induced CaCO 3 crystals having fibrous, spherical, and helical structures 5, 6. Thr(PO 3 H 2 )‐containing polypeptides also produced the spherical vaterite and the fibrous calcite 4, 7. In particular, the sequential phosphorylated polypeptides have strictly defined polymer structures, in which the number and position of the phosphoryl groups were regularly arranged along the polypeptide chains.…”