Mineralized collagen scaffolds fabricated with amniotic membrane matrix increase osteogenesis under inflammatory conditions

Abstract

<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Defects in craniofacial bones occur congenitally, after high-energy impacts, and during the course of treatment for stroke and cancer. These injuries are difficult to heal due to the overwhelming size of the injury area and the inflammatory environment surrounding the injury. Significant inflammatory response after injury may greatly inhibit regenerative healing. We have developed mineralized collagen scaffolds that can induce osteogenic differentiation and matrix biosynthesis in the absence of osteogenic media or supplemental proteins. The amniotic membrane is derived from placentas and has been recently investigated as an extracellular matrix to prevent chronic inflammation. Herein, we hypothesized that a mineralized collagen-amnion composite scaffold could increase osteogenic activity in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. We report mechanical properties of a mineralized collagen-amnion scaffold and investigated osteogenic differentiation and mineral deposition of porcine adipose derived stem cells within these scaffolds as a function of inflammatory challenge. Incorporation of amniotic membrane matrix promotes osteogenesis similarly to un-modified mineralized collagen scaffolds, and increases in mineralized collagen-amnion scaffolds under inflammatory challenge. Together, these findings suggest that a mineralized collagen-amnion scaffold may provide a beneficial environment to aid craniomaxillofacial bone repair, especially in the course of defects presenting significant inflammatory complications.</jats:p>

Inclusion of a 3D-printed Hyperelastic bone mesh improves mechanical and osteogenic performance of a mineralized collagen scaffold

“…Scaffolds and reinforced composites were sterilized via ethylene oxide treatment with an AN74i Anprolene gas sterilizer (Andersen Sterilizers Inc., North Carolina, USA) for in vitro testing. Prior to adding cells to scaffolds and reinforced composites, these followed a standard hydration procedure for mineralized collagen scaffolds previously reported [45,[58][59][60]. Briefly, samples were hydrated in 70% ethanol, washed in PBS, crosslinked with 1-Ethyl-3-(3dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-Hydroxysuccinimide, followed by washing in PBS, and finally soaking in hMSC complete media for 2 days.…”

Repair of critical-size porcine craniofacial bone defects using a collagen-polycaprolactone composite biomaterial

“…Due to the large size of bone missing, this makes bacterial infection more likely, as well as persistent inflammation, and a biomaterial that can prevent infection and guide the immune response towards repair should lead to more successful bone repair [14,15,55]. Future efforts are focusing on changes to scaffold compositional elements to modulate immune cell phenotype [56,57]. Finally, limited bone formation in many of the implants, regardless of implant type, was different from the performance of these same groups in sub-critical sized defects.…”

“…However, the large scale of the defects tested likely require efforts to boost cell recruitment and activity. Key modification include: the use of intraoperative adipose-derived stem cells seeding to boost healing [58]; modifications to the glycosaminoglycan content and pore size or orientation of the mineralized collagen scaffold to promote greater cell migration into the defect [57,59] and the potential to incorporate biomolecular signals (e.g., transiently incorporated BMP2, VEGF) or modify the mineral composition (e.g., inclusion of zinc ions) to promote proliferation, osteogenesis, or angiogenic activity [60][61][62].…”

Inclusion of a 3D-printed Hyperelastic Bone mesh improves mechanical and osteogenic performance of a mineralized collagen scaffold

“…Scaffolds and reinforced composites were sterilized via ethylene oxide treatment with an AN74i Anprolene gas sterilizer (Andersen Sterilizers Inc., North Carolina, USA) for in vitro testing. Prior to adding cells to scaffolds and reinforced composites, these followed a standard hydration procedure for mineralized collagen scaffolds previously reported [45,[58][59][60]. Briefly, samples were hydrated in 70% ethanol, washed in PBS, crosslinked with 1-Ethyl-3-(3dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-Hydroxysuccinimide, followed by washing in PBS, and finally soaking in hMSC complete media for 2 days.…”