“…As we know that coal mine drainage ranges widely in composition from acidic to alkaline, typically with high concentration of sulfate (SO 4 ), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and aluminum (Al) as well as some common elements like calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg), which can fatally degrade the aquatic habitat and the quality of water supplies because of toxicity, corrosion, encrustation and other effects from dissolved constituents. The waste from mine is well recognized as a cause of landscape disturbance (Bian et al 2009) as being highly impactful to water resources (Meck et al 2006;Dinelli et al 2001;Ribet et al 1995) and as a cause of social and economic problems (Schellenbach and Krekeler 2012;Palmer et al 2010; Davis and Duffy 2009;Burns 2005). In the study area, the quality of coal is bituminous to sub-bituminous located in the lower Gondwana formation where there are a large number of faults, joints, bedding fissures, weathered zones and well-developed vertical tensile cracks filled with mud and pyrite films (Wardell 1991).…”