Mineralogy and geotechnical properties of Singapore marine clay at Changi

Bo, Myint Win; Arulrajah, Arul; Sukmak, Patimapon; Horpibulsuk, Suksun

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2015.04.011

Cited by 67 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Soft clay deposits are prevalent in floodplains, deltas and coastal areas worldwide (Arulrajah and Bo, 2008;Bo et al, 2015). The direct utilization of these soft soils in geotechnical engineering practice is, however, limited due to their relatively high water content and low bearing capacity (Du et al, 1999;Omar et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2011Liu et al, , 2012Yu et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of soft highway subgrade soil stabilized with calcium carbide residue

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2016

Soils and Foundations

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Calcium carbide residue (CCR) is a by-product of acetylene gas production. Stockpiles of CCR continue to accumulate worldwide, in both developed and developing countries. Sustainable reuse options for CCR in civil infrastructures, such as road embankments, have been recently evaluated in the laboratory. However, to date there are limited studies on the actual field performance of CCR in stabilizing clayey soils in highway subgrades. In this study, a field trial was conducted to ascertain the viability of using CCR stabilized clayey soil as a highway subgrade course material. Quicklime was selected as a control binder in the field trial for comparison purposes. The construction procedures of the CCR and quicklime stabilizations in two field sections are presented. A series of field tests, including California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, plate loading test, Benkelman beam deflection test, and dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) test were undertaken after the embankment construction. The results indicated that in the top zone of the filled soil layers with 94% degree of compaction, the CCR stabilized subgrade soil exhibited higher values of CBR and resilient modulus, and lower values of resilient deflection and DCP Index relative to the quicklime stabilized soil. The field trial results indicated that CCR had negligible environmental effects and furthermore resulted in low construction costs. Based on the field test results, CCR was found to be a viable alternative binder for stabilizing soft subgrade soils. The outcomes of this research are significant from engineering, economic and environmental perspectives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of soft highway subgrade soil stabilized with calcium carbide residue

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2016

Soils and Foundations

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121

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“…Details of the photographic identification and XRD and electron microscope analyses can be found in the studies by Bo et al (2015aBo et al ( , 2015b.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of these tests can be found in the study by Bo et al Figure 6. SEM micrographs of marine clay: plates 1-3 for upper marine clay and plates 4-6 for lower marine clay (Bo et al, 2015a) (2016). Details of consolidation tests on Singapore marine clay can be found in the study by Chu et al (2004).…”

Section: Isotropic Consolidation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research-oriented ground investigation projects at Changi, Singapore

Arulrajah

Choa

et al. 2017

Geotechnical Research

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The Changi East Reclamation projects in Singapore were implemented in five phases starting from 1991 and completed in 2005. Due to the excessive magnitude of settlement likely to occur over a long period of duration caused by the consolidation process, an extensively large area was required to be improved using ground improvement techniques to accelerate the consolidation process. The planning and implementation of site investigation works for land reclamation projects is discussed in this paper. An accurate and extensive geotechnical characterisation of underlying soft compressible marine clay was undertaken as part of this project. The geotechnical characterisation was undertaken using site investigation, specialised laboratory testing and specialised in situ testing. Correlations were obtained using empirical methods, which will be useful for future use such as correlations between classification parameters as well as specialised in situ test parameters and strength and compressibility parameters of Singapore marine clay at Changi, Singapore. This paper presents how the research-oriented ground investigation projects were implemented for this mega land reclamation project in the Republic of Singapore.

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“…Studies on ultra-soft clay are limited to date with few publications on the properties of ultra-soft soils reported by authors such as Schiffman, Chen, and Jordan (1969), Lee and Sills (1981), Carrier and Beckman (1984), Cargill (1984), Drnevich et al (1988), Burland (1990), Hong, Cui, and Yin (2010) and more recently by Bo et al (2011) and Liu, Zhuang, and Horpibulsuk (2013). Land reclamation (Bo, Arulrajah, and Nikraz 2007;Arulrajah and Bo 2008;Arulrajah et al 2009;Chu, Arulrajah, and Bo 2009b), field instrumentation (Arulrajah, Nikraz, and Bo 2004;Arulrajah et al 2013), in-situ testing Bo 2005, 2006;Bo et al 2014), deep sand compaction ) and mineralogy (Bo et al 2015) case studies of soft and ultra-soft soils in marine environment in the Republic of Singapore have also been reported in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step Loading Compression of Ultra-Soft Soil under Radial Drainage Conditions

Bo¹,

Wong

Choa

et al. 2015

Marine Georesources & Geotechnology

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Downloaded by [RMIT University] at 05:18 15 August 2015 2Step loading compression measurements of ultra-soft soil, obtained from marine environment, was carried out with a hydraulic consolidation cell at moisture contents of 150 and 168%. Three different drainage conditions were tested: radial outward, inward and both inward and outward drainages. Ultra-soft soil showed a significant settlement in the first step of loading. There was little pore pressure dissipation, which implies little effective stress gain and with large magnitude of settlement in low stress range. New compression parameters C*c1, C*c2 and C*c3 are proposed for viscous and intrinsic states inclusive of low stress log cycles. A correlation between void ratio at 10 kPa effective stress (e*10) and void ratio at liquid limit eL was proposed and the relevant compression parameters were predicted. The magnitudes of settlements at various loadings were subsequently predicted using the proposed basic equations and were found to agree well with the measured data. Dimensionless time factor curves for various radial drainage conditions were also proposed. By utilizing these curves, time rate of settlement was predicted, which indicated good agreement between predicted and measured rates of settlement. It was furthermore found that the predicted time rate of settlement could be ascertained by using the coefficient of large strain consolidation estimated from void ratio versus hydraulic conductivity relationships. This research will make a contribution in the field of geotechnical engineering as it seeks to improve fundamental understanding of the compressibility of ultra-soft soil from marine environment, by means of step-loading compression measurements with a hydraulic consolidation cell.

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Mineralogy and geotechnical properties of Singapore marine clay at Changi

Cited by 67 publications

References 39 publications

Field evaluation of soft highway subgrade soil stabilized with calcium carbide residue

Field evaluation of soft highway subgrade soil stabilized with calcium carbide residue

Research-oriented ground investigation projects at Changi, Singapore

Step Loading Compression of Ultra-Soft Soil under Radial Drainage Conditions

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