MINI SEED 2 (MIS2) Encodes a Receptor-like Kinase that Controls Grain Size and Shape in Rice

Chun, Yung; Fang, Jingjing; Zafar, Syed Adeel; Shang, Jiangyuan; Zhao, Jinfeng; Yuan, Shu; Li, Xueyong

doi:10.1186/s12284-020-0368-9

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Map-based cloning is a widely used molecular biology tool to functionally characterize target genes. This approach usually requires gene mapping using mapping populations or recombinant inbred lines followed by cloning and complementation [ 135 ]. Several genes related to heat and cold tolerance in maize have been mapped followed by cloning.…”

Section: Strategies To Mitigate the Effects Of Temperature Fluctuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies

Waqas

Wang

Zafar

et al. 2021

Plants

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106

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Climate change can decrease the global maize productivity and grain quality. Maize crop requires an optimal temperature for better harvest productivity. A suboptimal temperature at any critical stage for a prolonged duration can negatively affect the growth and yield formation processes. This review discusses the negative impact of temperature extremes (high and low temperatures) on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and nutritional traits of the maize crop. High temperature stress limits pollen viability and silks receptivity, leading to a significant reduction in seed setting and grain yield. Likewise, severe alterations in growth rate, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation, cellular membranes, and antioxidant enzyme activities under low temperature collectively limit maize productivity. We also discussed various strategies with practical examples to cope with temperature stresses, including cultural practices, exogenous protectants, breeding climate-smart crops, and molecular genomics approaches. We reviewed that identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes controlling high- and low temperature stress tolerance in maize could be introgressed into otherwise elite cultivars to develop stress-tolerant cultivars. Genome editing has become a key tool for developing climate-resilient crops. Moreover, challenges to maize crop improvement such as lack of adequate resources for breeding in poor countries, poor communication among the scientists of developing and developed countries, problems in germplasm exchange, and high cost of advanced high-throughput phenotyping systems are discussed. In the end, future perspectives for maize improvement are discussed, which briefly include new breeding technologies such as transgene-free clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas)-mediated genome editing for thermo-stress tolerance in maize.

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Section: Strategies To Mitigate the Effects Of Temperature Fluctuamentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies

Waqas

Wang

Zafar

et al. 2021

Plants

Self Cite

106

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“…However to meet the food demands of the growing population and to achieve food security in the country, the production levels need to be increased by 2 million tonnes every year, which is possible through heterosis breeding and other innovative breeding approaches Padmavathi [2]. In order to meet the food requirement of growing population, development of high yielding varieties is essential Chun et al [3]. Enhancing crop yield is one of the most priorities in crop breeding programmes and quality traits yet another important consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Divergence and Variability Studies for Yield and Quality Traits in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

Devi¹,

Chandra²,

Hari³

et al. 2020

CJAST

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Genetic divergence and variability was assessed among 33 elite germplasm lines which were evaluated in RBD at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal with an objective to classify and understand the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity and variability with regard to grain yield, yield components and quality traits using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Genotypes were grouped into eight clusters and cluster I was the largest comprised of 23 genotypes followed by cluster II which consists of 4 genotypes and rest of the clusters from cluster III to cluster VIII contain one genotype each. The maximum cluster distance was found between cluster II and cluster IV (2178.98) followed by cluster III and cluster VIII (2160.16). The minimum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster I and cluster III (540.96). The intra cluster distance was maximum for cluster II (354.1) indicating existence of variability within the cluster. A perusal of results on cluster means revealed that cluster VIII recorded highest cluster mean for yield/plant, panicle length, test weight, plant height, volume expansion ratio, kernel length after cooking, length/breadth ratio, kernel length and kernel width, The most important trait causing maximum divergence was plant height (31.8) which ranked 168 times first followed by alkali spreading value, days to 50% flowering and test weight were responsible for differentiating the genotypes studied. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits. Moderate GCV and PCV estimates were observed for filled seeds/panicle, test weight, alkali spreading value, volume expansion ratio, yield/plant, water uptake and head rice recovery. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for test weight (98.5:46.62), filled seeds/panicle (92.6:46.26), alkali spreading value (90.9:43.15), yield/plant (78;35.30), head rice recovery (78.9:27.46) and volume expansion ratio (69.1:37.3). In this study the genotypes WGL 1143, WGL 1150, WGL 1149, Tellahamsa in cluster II and WGL 1062 in cluster IV and WGL 915 in cluster VIII were widely divergent and crosses may be effected among the genotypes of the clusters to get more heterosis and subsequently better recombinants in segregating generations.

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“…The qRT-PCR was performed to validate the RNA-seq analysis on RNA extracted from peel and pulp tissues of pitaya fruits as described previously [ 72 ]. We extracted RNA from three different fruits (biological replicates) and the RNA was transcribed into cDNA using a cDNA synthesis kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome analysis of Pitaya fruit unveiled the mechanisms underlying Peel and pulp color formation

et al. 2020

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Background Elucidating the candidate genes and key metabolites responsible for pulp and peel coloration is essential for breeding pitaya fruit with new and improved appeal and high nutritional value. Here, we used transcriptome (RNA-Seq) and metabolome analysis (UPLC-MS/MS) to identify structural and regulatory genes and key metabolites associated with peel and pulp colors in three pitaya fruit types belonging to two different Hylocereus species. Result Our combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses suggest that the main strategy for obtaining red color is to increase tyrosine content for downstream steps in the betalain pathway. The upregulation of CYP76ADs is proposed as the color-breaking step leading to red or colorless pulp under the regulation by WRKY44 transcription factor. Supported by the differential accumulation of anthocyanin metabolites in red pulped pitaya fruit, our results showed the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in addition to betalain biosynthesis. However, no color-breaking step for the development of anthocyanins in red pulp was observed and no biosynthesis of anthocyanins in white pulp was found. Together, we propose that red pitaya pulp color is under the strict regulation of CYP76ADs by WRKYs and the anthocyanin coexistence with betalains is unneglectable. We ruled out the possibility of yellow peel color formation due to anthocyanins because of no differential regulation of chalcone synthase genes between yellow and green and no detection of naringenin chalcone in the metabolome. Similarly, the no differential regulation of key genes in the carotenoid pathway controlling yellow pigments proposed that the carotenoid pathway is not involved in yellow peel color formation. Conclusions Together, our results propose several candidate genes and metabolites controlling a single horticultural attribute i.e. color formation for further functional characterization. This study presents useful genomic resources and information for breeding pitaya fruit with commercially attractive peel and pulp colors. These findings will greatly complement the existing knowledge on the biosynthesis of natural pigments for their applications in food and health industry.

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MINI SEED 2 (MIS2) Encodes a Receptor-like Kinase that Controls Grain Size and Shape in Rice

Cited by 36 publications

References 81 publications

Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies

Thermal Stresses in Maize: Effects and Management Strategies

Genetic Divergence and Variability Studies for Yield and Quality Traits in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome analysis of Pitaya fruit unveiled the mechanisms underlying Peel and pulp color formation

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